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Genetic similarities - Coggle Diagram
Genetic similarities
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Twin studies
Studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins. The aim is to reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for traits, phenotypes, and disorders. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioural genetics and in content fields, from biology to psychology. In twin research the correlation is called the concordance rate.
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Family studies
Focus on more representative sample of general population. A child inherits half its genes from the mother and half of it from the father.
The underlaying assumption is that if a certain trait is influenced by our genes, then close relatives should resemble each other in that specific trait.
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Adoption studies
Compare the similarity between adoptee and his or her biological versus adoptive relatives, or the similarity between biological relatives of affected adoptees with those of unaffected or control adoptees.
The latter approach is more powerful, because it eliminates the potentially confounding effect of environmental factors.
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Definition
It is referred to as relatedeness. The greater the genetic similarities between two individuals or a group of individuals, the higher the degree of relatedness.
Degree of kinship
Level of relationship between two persons related by blood, such as parent to child, one sibling to another, grandparent to grandchild or uncle to nephew, first cousins, calculated as one degree for each step from a common ancestor.