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Epistemology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - If we perceive things directly then what we are seeing must be the 'real' object. It takes 8 minutes for the sunlight to travel, so we are seeing the sun 8 minutes behind. So if the sun exploded then we would not see it until 8 minutes later. So what are we seeing for those 8 minutes. It cannot be the sun, as it has exploded so it no longer exists. What we are seeing must be some kind of sense datum.
    - - The immediate objects of perception are mind-dependant objects that are caused by and represent mind- independant objects. John Locke has created primary and secondary distinctions.
        
        Primary Qualities - Some ideas we receive resemble their causes out in the world. The ideas which resemble their causes are the ideas of primary qualities, for example texture, numbers, size, shape ,and motion
        
        Secondary Qualities- The ideas which do not resemble their causes are the ideas of secondary qualities, for example colour, sound, taste ,and odour. These have properties which produce sensations to the observer. Can be described as the effect things have on certain people.
  - - - Idealism eventually leads to Solipsism. This is the idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. This is an extreme form of subjective idealism that denies that the human mid has any valid ground for believing in the existence of anything but itself.
- - - - Jones and Smith are applying for the same job. The company president assures Jones that he will get the job. Smith then sees Jones count ten coins from his pocket. Smith concludes that " the man with 10 coins in his pocket will get the job". Smith then gets the job. And unknowingly Smith has 10 coins in his pocket. Smiths belief is justified as he heard the company president say that Jones would get the job and he saw him count the coins from his pocket. Smiths belief was also true as the man with 10 coins in his pocket did get the job. But does this count as knowledge as he still assumed that it would be Jones getting the job.
    - - Smith makes the statement " Jones owns a Ford" Smith is justified as he has seen Jones driving a ford before. Turns out Jones is in-between cars and has been renting. This means that Smiths belief was not true. So this does not count as knowledge. So Smith changes his statement to an 'either or' statement. "either Jones owns a Ford or Brown is in Barcelona". This is known as dis-junction. Only one statement has to be correct. This connects two propositions together which is false only if both statements (disjuncts) are false.