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LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION - Coggle Diagram
LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION
TRANSLATION OF NON-EQUIVALENT VOCABULARY
There are some words in any language which have no one-word translation in other languages.
CONTEXT-DEPENDENT WORDS
words that can be changed according to the context
CONTEXT INDEPENDENT WORDS
they stay the same even the context is different
LEXICO-SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATION
narrowing
when words begin to develop more specific, more particular meanings than the ones that they started out with.
ex: исследовать- explore
generalization
expresses that an event or a property occurs relatively often, where what counts as relatively often depends upon one's prior expectations
emphatisation and neutralisation
neutralisation- the elimination of certain distinctive features of phonemes in certain environments
emphatisation-
functional substitution
this technique is used when none of the words or variants are not fits to the context.
TRANSLATION OF HEADINGS
what are headings
a title at the head of a page, a short phrase describing what the succeeding section is all about
types of headlines
question headlines
A question heading is a heading in interrogative case. it directs a reader’s attention because it implies that the text that follows the heading will answer that question.
example:How Do Widgets Make Your Job Easier?
statement headlines
Statement headings are those that include a noun and a verb,forming a complete thought. Newspaper headlines are the model for this form
example:“Widgets Make Your Job Easier”
topic headlines
A topic heading consists of a single word or a short (or not-soshort) phrase that serves as a label identifying the topic of the content that follows:
example: 'Widgets';“Benefits of Widgets,”
difficulty of learning headlines
The use of word-play phrases and deliberately altered stable expressions in the titles, the change of which is transparent only to those who are familiar with the culture of English-speaking countries.2. Sometimes the translation of the headline can be understood by knowing the country's realis and culture.
some features of headlines
In headings all words may be capitalized.2. In newspaper and magazines it's allowed to violate linguistic norms.3. Sentence may contain two or more nouns: A new brave economy singapore 4. colons and question marks are used in heading to attract readers.
why they are important
1.Headings are used to give the short and quick message what the full text or article is going to be telling about.2. They are used to attract viewers and keep their attention with these single words that tends people to be aware of the full message or book.
NEOLOGISMS
Neologisms are new words that have not yet been registered in dictionaries (already existing in the language).
CONFRONTATION
The confrontation of the two social groups
REDUNDANCY "the factory's workers face redundancy"
LANDSLIDE 1.an overwhelming majority of votes for one party or candidate in an election.
2."the road was blocked by a landslide"
AMERICANISMS
past simple instead of present perfect
ex:They just left us.
Again past simple instead of past perfect.
ex:after he came back home, he ate dinner.
:economy; of words, omission of :should's:
ex:they suggest that i do it myself
difference of using the articles from British version.
ex: On the street( US),
in the street(BRITISH)
grammatical differences of US and British versionS
ex: proved(US)
proven (BRITISH)
Proven(BRITISH)
TRANSLATION OF INTERNATIONAL AND PSEUDO INTERNATIONAL WORDS
false friends- words that are False friends of the translatorˮ refer to words of mostly Latin and Greek origin with similar but a different meaning in English and Russian.