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the social impact of cinema, popular music and radio. 1917-1945, movie…
the social impact of cinema, popular music and radio. 1917-1945
cinema
movies
1917, largest entertainment media in USA
until 1920's , no sound in recordings. the first 'talkie' was in 1927
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gave people escapism, fed fantasies by developing genre movies
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by the 20s the themes of movies had moved from social problems to escapism based around the fantasies of romance and consumerism
advertisers encouranged audiences to consume products and fashion displayed in movies, pushing consumerism
reinforced and shaped viewpoints : ex. movies demonstrated women who chose careers over homemaking as unsatisfied
older people convinced that movies had a part in corrupting younger generations as 'flapper films' encouranged young women to follow their lifestyle
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movie theatres
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movies were first at major cities, then moved out to smaller populations
studios
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eight companies worked together, with almost total control over the industry
chose what movies were shown, where and when.
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power over the industry meant if anyone was blacklisted, they would probably never work again.
were expensive to make, but showing them could provide even more money
magazines
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1930, 20 fan magazines, reaching 200k-1m people
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radio
radio stations
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KDKA , first commercial radio station broadcasted for the first time in 1920
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growth of ratio networks such as NBC eroded the idea of local communities and contributed to homogenization of american society
radio ownership
grew rapidly in 20's & 30's, as they were the cheapest form of entertainment after the great depression
mass production made them cheaper, more affordable, so more ownership
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listening to the same thing at the same time made people feel like they were a part of a mass culture
radio programmes
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1920, radio broadcasted presidential election votes before newspapers could print them
first advertisement in 1922, then whole shows began to be sponsored
advertisements promoted consumerism and suggested that purchasing the product was progress towards the american dream
radio presenters
Coughlin
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when FDR let him down, he criticized him, causing FDR some loss in support
Radio Act of 1927
federal licensing of radio stations, to share out the airwaves
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radio reinforced popular stereotypes such as depicting women as homemakers and black americans as stupid
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popular music
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records
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sales dropped massively in 1935 due to radio popularity + great depression meant less money & records were seen as a luxury
movie stars
behaviour
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some stars disobeyed this through partying, drinking, having casual sex, taking drugs. this ended up in gossip magazines
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Clara Bow
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many young women tried to be like her through dress , hair & behaviour
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when 'talkies' were introduced, some stars cut by industry because they only looked good and did not 'sound right'
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celebrities became even more popular in the 1920's, reminding other americans about the american dream as impoverished people could gain riches and fame through becoming stars
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regulation
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opposition
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hollywood was blamed for dramatic changes in american society such as increased in divorces & the rejection of traditional values
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