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Imperial Russia 1855 - 1905 - Coggle Diagram
Imperial Russia 1855 - 1905
Alexander II - Tsar liberator
The army
improved training in schools
better equipment, improved morale, promotion of merit
nobility still favoured In promotion
progress In modernisation was slower than other countries
Local govt
zemstvo -> administered poor relief, welfare, local policies
demand 'reforms from below' + representative govt
effective: employ local intelligents e.g., doctors, lawyers, teachers...
only 43/70 provinces in Russia had zemstvos by 1914
can't make wider impacts: improving poverty, alcoholism..
Culture and education
increase no. of children attending schools
more control to local govt rather than church (for curriculum)
literacy rate improved
removed censorship
new ideas spread -> bad for Tsar's position
govt inspections could still order changes to curriculum
Emancipation of serfs 1861
needed skilled industrialised workforce
Russia viewed as old-fashioned + backwards compared to other countries in Europe
landlords: paid compensation -> can Invest in business, industry or buy up more land
peasants: lost 20-30% of land, unable to grow food for profit
Alexander III - Reactionary
re-assert Tsar's autocracy
Local govt
Powers of nobility were re-established
"semi-serfdom"
Re-centralised power (away from the zemstvo)
less democratic
Culture and education
Censorship, repression and control increased
Russian Orthodox Church restored position of supreme power
Opposition
1887: arrest and execution of student members of People's Will (including Lenin's brother)
People's WilI -> opposition group that assassinated Alex II
growth of liberals promoting "moderate" reform
promoting flourish In zemstvo and dumas
Nicholas II - Reformer
Govt
right wing conservative
make no concessions
autocracy
removed some taxes, reduce land redemption payments
WW1
affects his leadership
seen as weak, failure to lead to Russian army to victory
Imperial Russia system
Autocracy: complete power
Communism: everyone works for the common good
Duma: council -> decisions and voted on policies for Russia
Soviet: elected council