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CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION - Coggle Diagram
CLIMATE AND NATURAL VEGETATION
Global distribution of equatorial climate
Malaysian peninsula and south-east asia islands
amazon basin - south america
congo basin - central africa
all areas with an eq. climate are lowlands
sg's high temps
low pressure - rising air, condensation, cloud formation, high precipitation levels
dense vegetation cover - high levels of evap. and transp.
warm air has large amounts of water vapour until temp. starts to cool in the late afternoon
latitude - higher the angle of the sun’s rays, the greater the heating of the surface - heat more conc. at higher latitudes
clouds reduce surface temp. with white surfaces but 50% is still absorbed
sg's high rainfall
high temp, high moisture level, high precipitation
high humidity - evap. and transp.
global distribution of hot deserts
latitudes 15. to 30. on western sides of continents
some lie north of tropic of cancer
charac. of hot desert climate
high pressure all year - air is descending and warming, precip, doesn't occur because air isn't rising
prevailing winds come from over land masses - have little moisture
some in a rain shadow
cold ocean currents on west side of continents reduce summer temps due to cooling effect of ocean
altitude increase, air temp. increase - air is thinner, less vapour and gases to absorb long wave radiation
coastal areas - warmer winters, cooler summers
low temp at night - condensation of vapour, helps in growth
avg, annual precip. of less than 250mm
lost rainfall that occurs is due to torrential convectional downpours, but they are erratic and rare
tropical storms
heated moist air rises from ocean, creates low pressure at surface
more of this air moves in to replace that which has risen
spiralling mass rises rapidly
thick cumulonimbus clouds formed - heavy rainfall from here
air cools and sinks at high levels, forms centre of storm