The treaty that ended the war between Russia and Germany in the Polish town of Brest-Litovsk in December 1917.
Germany, seeing Russia's weakness, made extensive demands, and the Russian negotiators attempted to stall with the hopes of a left wing revolution emerging in Germany,
This caused threats of further invasion from Germany in an attempt to pressure the surrender of the Russians.
The Treaty then needed to be ratified by the Russian Gov, while Lenin pushed for fast ratification, party members were worried over accepting the terms.
In February 1918, the Germans grew frustrated at the lack of decision, and launched an offensive into Russian territory. The Bolsheviks ratified the Treaty in March 1918. The treaty imposed harsh losses to Russia.
Russia loses: 26 % of its population, 27 % of its arable land, 73 % of its iron industry, 75 % of its coal industry