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Motivation and Emotion - Coggle Diagram

- - - - requirements for survival
        e.g. food, water, shelter
    - - our impulses to act in ways that satisfy our needs
        e.g. hunger
    - - a balanced internal state
      - our body seeks it
      - when we are out of it, we have a need that creates a drive
    - - biological needs (ex: thirst)
    - - learned drives
        ex: we learn that money can get us food and water to satisfy our primary drives
    - - we might seek out more stimulation
  - - - 在比较简单的任务中，工作效率随动机的提高而上升；而随着任务难度的增加，动机的最佳水平有逐渐下降的趋势
        task越难承受压力越小
      - Performance is best when arousal is moderate.
  - - - to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex
    - - to feel safe, secure, and out of danger
    - - to be accepted and belong
    - - to achieve and to gain approval and recognition
    - - to achieve your unique potential
      - do philanthropic work 做慈善
- - - - Glucose circulates through the blood and provides our bodies a major source of energy.
      - ⬆️Lateral hypothalamus
        
        causes us to eat
        
        hunger center
      - ⬇️Ventromedial hypothalamus
        
        causes us to stop eating
        
        safety center
      - ⬆️Ghrelin—increases hunger, secreted by an empty stomach
      - ⬇️Leptin—decreases hunger, protein hormone secreted by fat cells
    - - a certain level of body fat that the body maintains
      - 减肥时，饥饿感增加，新陈代谢降低，导致体重反弹 🤸‍♀️
      - 由遗传来决定
    - - 盘子大，种类多，周围人多-->吃得多
    - - Bulimia 暴食症
        
        binging（短时间内吃很多） and purging（吐🤮）
      - Anorexia nervosa神经性厌食症
      - Obesity
  - - - Examines our desires to master complex tasks/knowledge and reach goals
      - Some people have higher than others
      - Varies from activity to activity
    - - Theory X
        
        managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishments
        
        Extrinsic motivators
      - Theory Y
        
        managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this inner motive
        
        studies show its more beneficial
- - - - facial expressions are universal🌍.
        No matter what, we can always detect happiness, sadness, shock, and fear on other people's faces.
    - - facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings
      - 例如，微笑可以激活肌肉，直接激发幸福感😄
  - - - Conscious experience (cognitively)——thoughts and interpretation🤔
      - Bodily arousal (physiologically)——heart rate rising, breathing rasping🫀
      - Expressive behaviors (behaviorally)——jumping/kicking/crying🏃‍♀️
    - - Bodily arousal🫀 -> Emotion
      - 生理反应激发了情绪比如：我们哭了所以我们难过
    - - 同时触发，没有因果关系
      - Bodily arousal🫀 + Emotion
    - - Bodily arousal🫀 + Cognition (thoughts)🤔 = Emotion
      - 我在发抖，因为房间里有条蛇。因此，我一定很害怕
      - Spillover effect :!!:
        
        body arousal 的延续
        
        Arousal can spill over from one event to another
        
        当两组人面对同样的刺激时，生理上已经被唤起的人比未被唤起的人体验到更强烈的情绪
    - - 当我们听到森林里的声音时，我们会不由自主地感到害怕，然后将其视为威胁。
      - emotion先于interpretation🤔
      - high road
        
        complex feelings like hatred and love
      - low road
        
        simple likes, dislikes, and fears
    - - cognitive appraisal🤔 (is it dangerous or not?) —— sometimes without our awareness—— defines emotion
- - - - life events that cause stress
    - - how we react to these changes in the environment
  - - - our stress response that involves the sympathetic nervous system and arouses us.
    - - 🚨Alarm—Our sympathetic nervous system is activated and our body is ready to face the stressor.
      - 🏃Resistance—We attempt to cope with the stressor. Our body is on high alert and stress hormones are released.
      - 😴Exhaustion—We cannot be in high alert forever, so our body begins to be vulnerable.
  - - - communicating with others and supporting others 😍