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Chemical Tests - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Fill a balloon with hydrogen gas and use fire to pop it
        
        Result
        
        Cloud of fire will appear because hydrogen is very flammable
  - - - Put a glowing red splint into oxygen gas
        
        Result
        
        Fire is ignited because oxygen supports combustion
  - - - Put a delivery tube from carbon dioxide to lime water
        
        Result
        
        Lime water becomes cloudy because lime water is created with calcium hydroxide. The carbon dioxide reacts with the water to make calcium carbonate which is white and does not dissolve
  - - - Put damp red litmus paper into the gas
        
        Result
        
        The paper turns blue. A pungent smell is given which is ammonia gas.
  - - - Put damp blue litmus paper into the gas
        
        Result
        
        The paper bleaches white.
- - - - White precipitate forms
  - - - Lime water goes cloudy
  - - - Bromine
        
        Cream precipitate
      - Iodine
        
        Yellow precipiate
      - Chlorine
        
        White precipitate
- - - - Add ammonium and sodium hydroxide, heat gently and test the gas using red litmus paper
        
        Litmus paper turns blue
    - - Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide and watch a coloured precipitate form
        
        Iron (III)
        
        Reddish brown precipitate forms
        
        Copper (II)
        
        Blue precipitate forms
        
        Iron (II)
        
        Sludgy green precipitate forms
  - - - White crystals turn blue
- - - - Potassium
        
        Result
        
        Lilac
      - Copper
        
        Result
        
        Orange red
      - Sodium
        
        Result
        
        Orange
      - Calcium
        
        Result
        
        Blue green
      - Lithium
        
        Result
        
        Red