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Newton and Cohen, Chap 7: The Grand Design - New Physics - Coggle Diagram
Newton and Cohen
Newton and Gravity:
Gravity on the Earth's surface and the force keeping the moon in its orbit were the same
Edmon Halley:
Which force keeps planet in its orbit?
Gravitational force
Law of interia
F = ma
A = R
Biography:
Isaac Newton: 1643- 1727
Work
3 laws of motion
Universal law oof gravitation
Optics
Theology
Calculus
Religious: Protestant; Christian Enthusiast
His God is different from Christian God
Schooling: Trinity, Cambridge
Intellectual Legacy inherited by Newton
Rene Descaartes:
Universe is a machine
Mechanicall understanding questioned God's nature and his relationship with nature
Robert Boyle
Air pumpm: Relationship between pressure and volume of gas
Law: P1V1 = P2V2
Didn't reject God
17th Century natural phil and experimentalists
Sir Francis Bacon
Rote-learning system is :poop:
Created the "New scientific method"
Observation and experimentation
Widdely use din the scientific revolution
The Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution influenced the development of the Enlightenment values of individualism because it demonstrated the power of the human mind. The ability of scientists to come to their own conclusions rather than deferring to instilled authority confirmed the capabilities and worth of the individual.
Scientific communities were organized:
London Royal Society for Sciences
Scientific journals
Prism:
Prisms disperse white light into 7 colors
Another prism recomposes the 7 colors to white light
Philosphy:
General Scolium
Cause of gravity?
I frame no hypothesis
Homework: 3a
Chap 7: The Grand Design - New Physics
Background:
Book: Principa 1687
Field:
Celestial bodies
Physics of gross bodies
Differential and integral calculus
Simultaneously developed by
Leibniz (German)
Optics
Physical Science
Procedure: Experimental study
Telescopy
Gravitation
Predecessors:
Galelio:
Never attempted any scheme
to
understand the movement
of planets or their satellites
Kepler:
Celestial
mechanisms were unsuccessful
Anima matrix
causes planets to
revolve
around the sun
Hooke:
Anticipated
parts of the laws of dynamics and gravitation
Halley:
Force acting on planets
to keep them
in their orbits
:arrow_down: in
proportion to the square of the distances reciprocally
Newton provided proof
Way 1 flopped
Script error
Coarse drawings and axes related issues
Way 2 succeeded
Hooke, Halley aand Wren:
Under what law of force would a planet follow an elliptical orbit?
Sun
must
control
or
at least affect the motion
of a planet in
accordance with the relative proximity
of the planet
to the sun.
Intensity diminishing
according to the
inverse
of the square of its
distance from the sun
Hooke Postulated 😄
Couldn't prove 😖
Principia:
Divided into 3 parts
Book 1:
Develops the general principles of the
dynamics of moving bodies
Book 3:
Mechanism of the
universe
:
Book 2:
Fluid dynamics, waves
L1:
State of being is
at rest of moving uniformly straight
forward,
unless it is compelled to change its state
Principle of inertia
Opposite to Aristotle:
Aristotle: No celestial body could move uniformly in a straight line in the absence of a force. This is called violent motion
Aristotle: No terrestrial object moves along its "natural" straight line without ana external mover
Newton, presenting a physics that applies simultaneously to both terrestrial and celestial objects, stated that in the absence of a force bodies do not necessarily stand still or come to rest as Aristotle supposed, but they may move at constant rectilinear speed
Opposite to G:
Galileo was writing about uniform motion along a great spherical surface concentric with the earth.
G also showed: Projectile motion is a parabola and the descent of bodies varies as the square of time unless retarded by teh resistance of air
Galileo or tof guessed L11; L2 was onw but credit won't stretch that long
Galileo: assumed there is no acceleration int eh forward direction because of 0 horizontal force, but in the v. direction there is acceleration according to the weight force.
Change in magnitude of motion -> related to L2
F/A = m whcih is constantl It is called the
Prev:
G:
F1 causes A1; F2 causes A2
F1/A1 = F2/A2 = ms (same inertia)
F1/a1 = F2/a2 = ml (ml is twice the size of ms)
constant is proportional to the volume and
so is a measure of the amount of aluminum in any sample.
3 more items...
First:
Descartes: Faaded after learning aboout G's condemnation
L2:
Change is proportional to the motive force
and takes place
in the direction
of the straight line
A body in uniform motion in a straight line, is unaffected by a force acting in right angle to the direction of the motion of the body. This is because the acceleration follows the same direction as the force producing it.
Forward motion is unaffected
behaviour of falling bodies is absolutely uniform if the ball met no air resistance.
Final formulation of the law of interia
G: Combine applications with abstraction
Newton mad ea cclear distinction betweent he world of abstract maths and physics(which he referred to as phil)
System of the world
His ability to draw a distinction between abstract(math) and real(physics) allowed Newton to write about inertial physics:
But at the end of the day physics is based on real life.
In the whole range of physics explored by Galileo there is no example of a physical object that has even a component of pure inertial motion
Concept of forever was fine by Newton
In Book one of the Principia, he said it is the natural condition for bodies to move ins traaight lines at a constant speed (forever), the forever shows why this is a mathematical question rather than a physics one.l