Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
English review - Coggle Diagram
English review
FCE strategies
Reading and Use of English part 6
Look for words and phrases that hold the text toguether.
Underline any words in sentences A to G which might link the sentence with a particular paragraph.
Look carefully to see if any of the sentences are adding a similar or contrasting idea.
Reading and Use of English part 5
Look carefully for the clues for each question.
Read quickly through the text to get a general idea.
Read each question or incomplete sentence correctly.
Reading and Use of English part 7
Read through the questions and underline any key words.
There may be information in more than one paragraph which appears to answer a question.
Used to/would
WOULD
Would can't be sued to describe a state a situation, no longer true.
To talk about peopl's habits in the past.
Sets the scene for what follows
USED TO
positive
used to + infinitive verb
negative
did not/ didn't use to + infinitive verb
question
Did ... use to + infinitive verb?
we use it to :
when we refer to things in the past which are no longer true
repeated actions
I used to eat in the college cafeteria, but now I bring a packed lunch.
a state or situation
That mountain bike used to belong to my best friend.
BE USED TO
past, present or future. "be accustomed to" or "be familiar with"
be used to + noun or noun phrase
be used to + pronoun
be used to + the ing form of a verb
Gerunds & Infinitives
Infinitive
we use it to :
To say why we do something
She put a tick
to accept
the terms and conditions.
To say why something exists
They've erected the metal barrier on that sharp bend
to reduce
accidents.
After
too
and
enough
It was too late
to express
my opinion because the professor had already moved on to another topic.
we use it in the following verb patterns :
verb + to infinitive
agree, appear, bother, decide, demand, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem, be, supposed, threaten.
verb + (somebody/soemthing) + to infinitive
ask, choose, expect, help, intend, promise, want
verb + somebody/something + to infinitive
advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, teach, tell, warn
Gerund - verb + ing
we use it :
After prepositions
He's improved his English
by reading
extensively
As subjects or objects of a sentence
Correcting
mistakes is a crucial part of the learning process
After the verbs admit, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, involve, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, regret, risk, stop, suggest.
I consider
swapping
this task for another one.
After the expressions: it's no good, it's not worth, it's no use, it's a waste of time, cam't stand, can't bear, can't help.
It's a waste of time
trying
to increase the bee population.
Verbs followed by an infinitive or a verb + ing with a difference in meaning :
remember
forget
regret
try
mean
stop
Passive voice
Is formed from the verb to be + past participle (done/eaten/cleaned)
PASSIVE
What happens is more important than who does it.
We don't know who or what does/did something.
We don't need to say who or what does/did soemthing because it's obvious from the situation or context.
When writing in an official style.
You can use get instead of be to form it.
That task
was finished
by him.
Conditionals
FIRST
To express a future situation which we think is real or possible
if + present simple and will + infinitive
I'll research that topic today, if I remember to take my laptop with me.
SECOND
To express things which are imaginary, contrary to the facts, impossible or improbable
if + past simple and would + infinitive
If you reduced your calorie intake and joined a gym, you would easily lose all your excess weight.
Past tenses
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
it describe something which happened before a single event in the past
it is focus on the lenght of time
He had been lying in bed for nearly a month after the operation on her spine.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
it is used with already, just, never
describe something which happened before a single event in the past
He had already arrived to the cinema
Articles & Nouns
ARTICLES
a or an
With singular, countable nouns mentioned for the first time
To talk about jobs
the
With things we have mentioned before
When referring to particular things
With things which are unique
With adjectives to express groups
With superlative adjectives
NOUNS
countable
use a or an in the singular
can be made plural
use some and any in the plural
use few and many in the plural
uncountable
do not use a or an
cannot be made plural
use verbs in the singular
use some and any in the singular
use little and much in the singular
use other words to refer to a quantity
Vocabulary
Handlebars
A straight or bent bar with a handle at each end that are on bicycles
Before falling down of the bicycle I took very hard the
handlebar
, hoping not to fall.
Cockpit
A space or compartment where the pilot or driver are.
I want to be a pilot, so I can work in the
cockpit
.
Runway
A paved strip of ground on a landing field for the landing and takeoff of.
I was really scared when the plane took off in the
runway
.
Commuters
Someone who regularly travels between work and home.
I wish when I grow up, I can be a
commuter
. Sound amazing working and travelling all at once.
Departure Lounge
The area in an airport where passengers wait before getting onto an aircraft.
I waited for my plane two hours in the
departure lounge
.
Motorist
A person who travels by automobile.
Most of us are daily
motorist
.
Backpackers
A person who travels with a backpack, not spending very much money.
He thinks that we all should be
backpackers
in the trip to Canada.
Steering wheel
The wheel which the driver holds when he or she is driving.
The taxi's
steering wheel
is so beautiful.
Rush Hour
A time during the day when many people are traveling on roads and it's so crowdy.
The worst part of the day for a worker is during the
rush hour
.
Overtaking
To come from behind another vehicle and move in front of them
Thanks to the
overtaking
that the taxi did, now there are two accidents.
Diesel
Liquid hydrocarbon used as a fuel.
My dad's car uses
diesel
as fuel.
Jet Lag
When your normal sleep pattern is disturbed after a long flight
I had a terrible
jet lag
, when I went back from Russia.
Giving advice
We can use modal verb should + infinitive without to
OUGHT + TO INFINITIVE
You ought to do more exercise
RECOMMEND + VERB ING
I'd recommend writing a blog of your travel adventures.
MAKE SURE + PRONOUN
Make sure you take an umbrella with you. It's supposed to rain.
WOULD + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
I would speak to someone who has already taken the exam
MIIGHT WANT / LIKE + TO INFINITIVE
You might want to book a table in advance as the restaurant can get very busy at weekends.
HAD BETTER + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
You had better ask your boss for an extension to the deadline.
WHATEVER YOU DO
Whatever you do, don't forget to turn your phone off before you go into the interview.
SHOULD + INFINITIVE
You should go to the dentist.
