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functionalist theories of crime and deviance - Coggle Diagram
functionalist theories of crime and deviance
Durkheim: anomie
in times of social change there is a weaker 'collective conscience' of shared norms and values
anomie can be expressed not only through crime but suicide, marital breakdown and industrial disputes
anomie= insufficiently integrated into societies norms and values, causing society to be more individualistic, less cohesion and consensus
crime can be: normal, universal and functional
Hirschi's: 'Bonds of Attachment'
Involvement- how integrated are we that we neither have the time nor inclination to behave in a deviant/ criminal manner
Belief- how committed are individuals to upholding societies laws and rules
Commitment- personal investment we put into our lives
Attachment- extent to which we care about other people's desires or opinions
explains why individuals conform to societies norms and values, low attachment to these values increases likelihood of deviance
Merton: strain theory
altered 'anomie' to mean when a society where there is a disjunction between between means and goals
being blocked from achieving goals through legitimate means leads to deviance
recognised importance of shared goals and values of society, 'the American dream' yet also recognises that not everyone has same opportunities
anomic paradigm: ritualism, retreatism, conformity, innovation, rebellion
eval
can explain diff patterns in deviance (innovators and retreatists)
his work became a direct inspiration to subcultural theories
LAURIE TAYLOR- 'fruit machine theory of crime'
as a functionalist he cannot explain where the rules come from in the first place