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C8: Employee Satisfaction and Motivation - Coggle Diagram
C8: Employee Satisfaction and Motivation
Employee Behavior
the patern of action bythe members of an organisation that
directly or indirectly influnce the organisation's effectiveness
Performance behaviors
the
total set of work-related behaviors
that the
organisation expects employee to display
Organisational citizenship
provide
positive benefits
to the organisation but in more
inderect way
Counterproductive behaviours
behaviors that
detract from organisational performance
absenteeism
turnover
theft
sabotage
sexual harassment
workplace violence
Individual Differences
personal attributes that vary from one person to another
Personality
the relatively stable set of
psychological attributes
that
distinguish one person from another
The "Big Five" Personality Traits
Agreebleness
a person's
ability to get along with others
Conscientiousness 责任心
a
reflection
of the number of things a person
tries to accomplish
Emotionality 富于感情
the degree to which people tend to be
positive or negative
in thier
outlook and behaviours toward others
Extraversion 外向性
a person's
comfort level with relationship
Openness
relects
how open or rigid
a person is in terms of his or her
beliefs
Emotional Intelligence (Emotional Quotient, EQ)
the extent to which people are
self-aware
, can
manage thier emotions
, can
motivate themselves
,
express emphaty for others
, and
possess social skills
Self-awareness
a person's capacity for
being aware of how they are feeling
Managing emotions
a person's capacities to
balance anxiety, fear and anger
so they
do not overly interfere干扰
with
geting things accomplishe完成
Motivating oneself
a person’s ability to
remain optimistic
and to
continue striving
in the face of
setbacks, barriers, and failure
Emphaty
a person’s ability to
understand how others are feeling
even without being explicitly told
Social skills
a person’s ability to
get along with others
and to
establish positive relationships
Attitudes
a person’s
beliefs and feelings
about
specific ideas, situations, or people
Key Word Related Attitude
Job Satisfaction 工作满意度
degree of
enjoyment
that people
derive得到 from
performing their
jobs
Organisational Commitment 组织承诺
an individual’s
identification
with the
organisation and its mission
Promoting Satisfaction and Commitment
Treats employees fairly
Provide rewards and job security
Allow employee participation
Design ineresting jobs
Mantain psychological contract
Matching People and Jobs
Psychological Contract
set of expectations held by an employee concerning
what he or she will contribute to an organisation
(referred to as
contributions
) and
what the organisation
will in return
provide the employee
(referred to as
inducements
)
Contributions from the individual
effort
ability
loyalty
skills
time
competency
Inducements from the organitation
pay
benefits
job secutiry 工作保障
status
promotion opportunities 晋升机会
career opportunities 职业机会
Person-Job Fit 人员工作契合度
the extent to which a
person’s contributions
and the
organisation’s inducements match one another
A
good person-job fit
is one in which the
employee's contributions match
the
inducements the organisation offers
Basic Motivation Concepts
Motivation
└the set of
forces
that
cause people to behave
in
certain way
└One worker may be
motivated to work hard to produce as much as possible
, whereas another may be
motivated to do just enough to survive
└Managers must
understand
these
differences in behavior
and the
reasons
for them
Strategies and Techniques to Enhance Motivation
Reinforcement/Behavior Modification
Positive reinforcement
reward that follows desired behaviours
Punishment
unpleasent consequences of an undesirable behaviour
Using Goals to Motivate Behaviour
Management by Objectives (MBO)
set of procedures
involving both managers and subordinates
in
setting goals and evaluating progress
Participative Management and Empowerment
method of increasing job satisfaction by
giving employees a voice
in the
management
of their
jobs and the company
Job Enrichment and Job Redesign
Job enrichment 工作充实
method of increasing job satisfaction by
adding one or more motivating factors to job activities
job rotation
Job redesign
method of increasing job satisfaction by
designing a more satisfactory fit 满意的契合度 between workers and their jobs
Job redesign programs
Combining Tasks
involves
enlarging jobs
and
increasing
their
variety
to make employees feel that their
work is more meaningful
Forming Natural Work Groups
help employees see the
importance of their jobs
in the total structure of the firm
Establishing Client Relationship
letting employees
interact with customers
Modified Work Schedules
Work sharing
method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing
two or more people
to
share a single full-time job
Flextime programs
method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing workers to
adjust work schedules on a daily or weekly basis
Telecommuting 远程办公
form of
flextime
that allows people to
perform
some or all of a
job away from standard office settings