A Safety Valve

Rheumatic fever pathogenesis

pathogenesis

streptococci

characteristics

catalase negative

capsulated

facultative anaerobe

hemolysis

streptococcus pyogenes

morphology

virulence factors

steps

type 2 hypersensitivity

autoreactive B-cells and T-cells

adhesion molecules

Diagnosis

ECG

X-RAY

Prolonged PR interval

Ratio >50%

+ve to rheumatic fever

+ve to rheumatic fever

Signs and symptoms of ARF

Subcutaneous nodules

Erythema marginatum

Migratory arthritis

Sydenham chorea

Laboratory tests

Rheumatic heart disease

Complete blood cell count ; leukocytosis

Acute phase reactent

CPR > 30 mg/L

ESR > 60 mg/L

Confirming GAS infection tests

ASO

Sterptozyme

Diagnostic criteria

Major

Joint

Minor

Myocarditis

Nodules

Erythema marginatum

Sydenham chorea

CPR

Arthralgia

Fever

ESR

Prolonged PR interval

Leukocytosis

Internal structures of the heart and valvular heart disease

Interventicular septum

Interatrial septum

Muscular part

Consist of Myocardium

Membranous Part

Mitral valve Regurgitation

Mitral valve stenosis

Aortic Stenosis

Aortic Regurgitation

Complications

Treatment of Rheumatic Fever

Pericarditis

Primordial Prevention

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Tertiary Prevention

Endocarditis

Societal Changes

Irregular deposits of fibrin found on both visceral and parietal surfaces of pericardium

Antibiotics (Penicillin G)

Skin sores treatment (Trimethoprim)

  • Inflammation of endocardium that lines the surface o f cardiac valves
  • Damaged endocardial surface develops thrombotic vegetations (platelets and fibrin)

Antiobiotics (Penicillin G)

Antibiotics (Penicillin G)

Valvular Replacement