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Main Approaches to Language Testing, By: Anis & Zakirah - Coggle…
Main Approaches to Language Testing
The integrative Approach
Principle
Concerned primarily with meaning and the total communicative effect of discourse.
It emphasizes that communicative competence is so global that it requires the integration of all linguistic abilities.
Strengths
The approach to meaning and the total communicative effect of discourse will be very useful for pupils in testing.
This approach can view pupil's proficiency with a global view.
The strength of the test is that relatively cheap and easy to make.
Characteristics
Involves the testing of language in context.
Attempt to assess a learner's capacity to use many bits all at the same time.
Weaknesses
Even if measuring integrated skills are better but sometimes teacher should consider the importance of measuring skills based on particular need, such as writing only, speaking only.
The scoring is not efficient and not reliable.
Example
Cloze test
Dictation
The Communicative Approach
Principle
Concerned primarily with language used in a classroom.
Language used in emphasised to the exclusion of language usage.
Strengths
Able to measure all integrated skills of students.
Tests using this approach face students in real life
Adaptable to any age and level.
Characteristics
The attempt to measure different language skill in communicative test is based on a view of language referred to as divisibility hypothesis.
Introduces the concept of qualitative modes of assessment in preference to quantitative modes of assessment.
Test content should be relevant for a particular group of examinees and the tasj set should relate to real-life situation.
Weaknesses
Does not emphasise learning structural grammar, yet it might be difficult to achieve communicative competence without a considerable of a considerable mastery of grammar in a language
Example
Deciding with a friend which movie to watch
Ordering food at a restaurant
Giving suggestions to a friend who has asked for advice
Giving a PowerPoint presentation in a business meeting
Asking for information over the phone
By: Anis & Zakirah