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CHAPTER 1: EXPLORE THE NETWORK 1.3 INTERPRET REFERENCE MODEL OF OSI AND…
CHAPTER 1: EXPLORE THE NETWORK
1.3 INTERPRET REFERENCE MODEL OF OSI AND TCP/IP
1.3.1 TYPES OF RULES THAT ARE NECESSARY TO SUCCESFULLY COMMUNICATE
COMMUNICATION FUNDAMENTALS
Computer Communication
message source
transmitter
transmission medium
receiver
message destination
message
signal
signal
message
MAIN ELEMENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Message
Sender
Receiver
Transmission Medium
Protocol
RULE ESTABLISHMENT
Protocols
Message encoding
Message delivery options
Message Formatting and Encapsulation
Message Timing
Message Size
COMMUNICATION METHODS
Source(Sender)
2.Destination(Receiver)
Channel(Media)
1.3.2 WHY PROTOCOLS ARE NECESSARY IN NETWORK COMMUNICATION
Among the protocols for successful human
communication are
Identification of sender and receiver
Agreed-upon medium or channel (face-to-face, telephone, letter, photograph)
Appropriate communication mode (spoken, written, illustrated, interactive or one-way)
Common language
Grammar and sentence structure
Speed and timing of delivery
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
A common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices
PROTOCOL INTERACTION
Communication between a web server and web client is an example of an interaction between several protocols:
1.
HTTP
- an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents
2.
TCP
- used for organizing data in a way that ensures the secure transmission between the server and client
3.
IP
- allows computers to send and receive information
4.
ETHERNET
- a typical LAN technology
TCP/IP MODEL LAYER
APPLICATION
represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control
TRANSPORT
support communication between various devices across diverse networks
INTERNET
determines the best path through the network
NETWORK ACCESS
controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network
1.3.3 HOW THE TCP/IP MODEL AND THE OSI MODEL ARE USED TO FACILITATE STANDARDIZATION IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
OSI MODEL LAYER
APPLICATION
contains protocols used for process-to-process communications
PRESENTATION
provides for common representation of
the data
SESSION
provides services to the presentation layer to
organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange
TRANSPORT
defines services to segment, transfer, and
reassemble the data
NETWORK
provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices
DATA LINK
provides methods for exchanging data frames
between devices over a common media
PHYSICAL
describes the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to transmit bits across physical connections
Application
Layer Name
Protocol Stack
Transport
Internet
Network Access