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GUIDE, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image -…
GUIDE
CONDITIONALS
ZERO
Cause and effect
SECOND
Imaginary situations, contrary to the facts
FIRST
Future possible
THIRD
Situatioins which did not happen in the past and its result, which are imaginary
MIXED
Situations about both the past and the present
We can use the second in one part of the sentence and third in the other
You cannot use zero or first conditionals in mixed conditional sentences
ARTICLES AND NOUNS
NOUNS
COUNTABLE
use "some" and "any" in the plural
use "a" or "an" in the singular
can be made plural
use "few" and "many" in the plural
UNCOUNTABLE
use verbs in the singular
use "some" and "any" in the singular
cannot be made plural
do not use "a" or "an"
use "little" and "much" in the singular
use other words to refer to a quantity
ARTICLES
"A" OR "AN"
not with uncountable nouns
singular countable nouns
not with plural countable nouns
we do not use "an" when the letters "u" and "e" are pronounced with a "y" sound
indefinite articles
THE
definite article
with superlative adjetives
with things which are unique
with adjetives to express groups
with things we have mentioned before
when referring to particular things
when it is clear who and what we are referring to
GEROUNDS AND INFINITIVES
We use the Infinitive:
To say why something exists
After too and enough
To say why we do something
We use Gerounds:
After prepositions
As subjects or objects of a sentence
After the verbs:
Admit, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, delay, deny,, dislike, enojy, finish, imagine, involve, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, regret, risk, stop, suggest
After the expressions
It's no good, it's not worth, it's no use, it's a waste of time, can't stand, can't bear, can't help
Verbs followed by either an infinitve or a geround with a different meaning
Remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop
GIVING ADVICE
When giving advice or making recomendaions, we can use the modal verb, or we can use the following words or phhraes
MIGHT WANT/ LIKE+ TO INFINITIE
Example: You might want to book a table in advance as the restaurant can get very busy at weekends.
MAKE SURE + PRONOUN
Example: You might want to book a table in advance as the restaurant can get very busy at weekends.
OUGHT + TO INFINITIVE
Example: Make sure you took an umbrella with you.
WHATEVER YOU DO
Example: You ought to do more exercise.
SHOULD + INFINITIVE
RECOMMNDED + VERB ING
I´d recomended writing a blog of your travel adventures
WOULD + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
HAD BETTER + INFINITIVE
You had better ask your boss for an extension to the deadline
I would speak to someone who has already taken the exam
You should study for your exams
FCE STRATEGIES
Reading and use of English
Part 5
read quickly through the text to get a general idea
read each question or incomplete sentence correctly
look carefully for the cues for each question
Part 6
look carefully to see if any of the sentences are adding a similar or contrasting idea.
look for words and phrases that hold the text together
underline any words in sentences A-G which might link the sentence with a particular paragraph
Part 7
but it won’t be completely correct in both
there may be information in more than one paragraph which appears to answer a question
read through the questions and underline any key words
USED TO OR WOULD
WOULD
we use it to talk about people's habits in the past
"used to" comes first because "would" sets the scene for what follows
we can´t use would to describe a state or situation, which is no longer true
when we use would and used to together
USED TO
we use it to refer to things in the past which are no longer true
repeated actions
Example: I used to eat in the college cafeteria, but now I bring a packed lunch
a state or a situation
Example: That mountain bike used to belong to my best friend
we use "did not use to"
Example: I didn't use to get very good grades in my exames, but this term I'm really pleased with my results
questions
we use "did + use to"
Example: Did you use to be in the same class?
we use "used not to" (very formal)
She used not to be as wealthy as she is now
we use it to talk about people's habits in the past
PAST TENSES
past perfect continous
Example: She had been lying in bed for nearly a month after the operation on her spine
describe something which happened before a single event in the past
focus on the lenght of time
past perfect simple
Example: They had already arrived to the park
describe something which happened before a single event in the past
we use it with already, just and never
VOCABULARY
Steering wheel
Backpackers
Cockpit
Runway
Departure lounge
Commuter
Handlebars
Diesel
Jet lag
Rush hour
Overtaking
