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Producing three environment friendly, cost effective and most efficient…
Producing three environment friendly, cost effective and most efficient energy output fuel from raw materials that are easily accessible in the developing country of Malaysia?
Science Understanding:
- The organic material triglyceride is a crucial reactant to form biodiesel. Triglycerides can be found in animal fats and in oils from plants and algae.
- The organic material of methanol which can be fermented through the use of microorganisms breaking down pectin, a chemical found in the peel of citric fruit and banana.
- The combination of these two organic materials plus a catalyst creates a biodiesel through the process of transesterification (conversion of the carboxylic acid present in one ester into another)
Links to course content:
- Developing skills to understand how to create renewable, environment friendly and cost effective fuel out of raw materials.
- Understand the chemical equation and process behind creating fuels through fermentation, triesterification and other processes.
Chosen tropical developing country:
Raw materials:
FRUITS
- Durian (obtains triglyceride within oil and can create biodiesel through the process of transesterification)
Difficult to harvest, open and smell not particular for many people.
- Jack Fruit (obtains triglyceride within oil and can create biodiesel through the process of transesterification)
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- Banana (when pectin, found in the peel, breaks down by enzymes introduced by microorganisms methanol can be created through fermentation)
Banana is a fruit that can be easily grown and reproduced. To abstract methanol from the pectin is easy compared to other fruit such as Durian as it does not have many spikes on its exterior skin. All cultures in Malaysia can consume this fruit, thus is high in harvesting and stores.
FAT
- Pig Fat (lard) (obtains triglyceride within fat and can create biodiesel through the process of transesterification)
Muslims are not allowed to consume pork, thus, they would rather not come in contact with it too. This will be an issue as majority of Malaysia are Muslims, hence low productivity with this fuel.
- Chicken fat (obtains triglyceride within fat and can create biodiesel through the process of transesterification)
Muslims are allowed to consume this meat if it is halal (slaughtered a specific method). However, considering all the other cultures in Malaysia such as Hindu, chicken is the meat that is most acceptable in the majority of cultures. Thus, would be the meat that many Malaysians can work with to produce a fuel.
- Cow fat (obtains triglyceride within fat and can create biodiesel through the process of transesterification)
Considering the other cultures in Malaysia such as Hindu, they are not allowed to eat this meat. Thus, would rather not work with it too, hence low productivity with this fuel.
CROPS/NUT
- sugar cane (creates Bioethanol through fermentation of microorganisms)
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- corn oil (obtains triglyceride within oil and when mixed with methanol and a catalyst can form biodiesel)
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- dry ground corn (creates Bioethanol through fermentation of microorganisms)
take along time to grow, so can not constantly produce fuel.
- Barley pearl (obtains triglyceride within oil and when mixed with methanol and a catalyst can form biodiesel)
Nutritious, delicious and easy to cultivate, barley is a common sweet grain with loads of health benefits and a variety of purposes. Barley takes little time and energy, grows quickly and is quite cheap
Coconut oil (obtains triglyceride within oil and can create biodiesel through the process of transesterification)
Coconuts grow naturally in tropical climates such as Malaysia. Thus, not a lot of energy and hard work is needed to harvest these, while the oil is used for many other purposes such as massage, hair treatment, cooking, lip balm etc.
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Rough Procedure:
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Measured the initial temperature of the distilled water in the tin, ensured the thermometer did not touch the bottom of the tin for further accurate data. Recorded temperature in the raw data below.
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Stirred the mixture thoroughly with a stirring rod and transferred the solution into a spirit burner.
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Ensured the simple calorimeter was enclosed as tight as possible without harming or causing possible danger.
Lighted the spirit burner and kept watch of the temperature on the thermometer. Stopped the combustion of the fuel once the temperature reached 30 degrees celsius.
Measured the mass of the fuel after the combustion on the electronic scale and recorded on the raw data table.
Repeated steps 5-15 for 2 more trials. Ensure the distilled water in the tin is cooled to room temperature before the next trial.
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Repeated steps 6-16 with correct equipment such as a crucible, barley pearl and methanol.
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Cut small pieces of chicken fat and place into a blender to blend until it is able to mix with methanol to create a liquid solution.
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Hypothesis: If the biofuel bacon fat and methanol is used, then the energy efficiency would be the highest.