traffic congestion
where
CBD areas
daily commute for working adults
during peak hours
morning
evening
causes
poor transport service
insufficient transport infrastructure
certain services found in cities
people travel to/within cities to obtain services/ good e.g. banking
separation of residential areas from workplaces
increase car ownership ( convenience)
more cars on road
impact
students
working adults
impact felt mostly by student
impact might be felt by company and beyond the company
production of goods decreases
services provided are not efficient/not as good
reduced productivity
Rate in which the goods and services are produced reduces and this bring about economic loss
affects mental/physical health
cause stress , frustration , anxiety
cause fatigue
lose concentration/fall asleep while driving
cause accidents
car idling
air pollution
affects environment --> gases like carbon dioxide released
they trap heat
increase temperatures
toxic pollution ( smog --> smoke and fog -> caused by exhaughst and particles from cars and factories)
can cause difficulty in breathing , asthma, reduced resistance to lung infections , clods, eye irritation
prolonged exposure leads to reduce life expectancy
characteristics
long vehicular queues
slow travelling speed
long travelling time
roads are narrow
reduce air quality and visibility
affects people with asthma or breathing conditions
contaminates soil and water-->slows down plant growth and affects animals
noise pollution e.g. singapore , kolkata,India -->
Houses close to major roads