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08/18/2020 Type 2 Diabetes - Coggle Diagram
08/18/2020 Type 2 Diabetes
Behavioral Interventions
Provide quiet environment. Speak in calm, quiet voice. Regulate lighting as indicated.
Reorient frequently and orient the patient to reality.
Develop a trusting relationship through frequent contact being honest and nonjudgmental.
Maintain a calm environment, minimizing noise.
Nursing Interventions
Assess blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime.
Monitor the patient’s HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin.
Assess feet for temperature, pulses, color, and sensation.
Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia.
Monitor urine albumin to serum creatinine for renal failure.
Patient Education
Educate client on wound care, insulin preparation, and glucose monitoring.
Remind the patient to participate in recommended health promotion activities and age-appropriate health screenings.
Encourage participation in support groups with patients who have had diabetes for many years as well for those who are newly diagnosed.
Encourage the patient to pursue life goals and interests, and discourage an undue focus on diabetes.
Instruct client to comply with the appointment with the healthcare provider at least twice a year for ongoing evaluation and routine nutrition updates.
Pathophysiology
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar, an important source of fuel for your body. With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin, a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.
Important Assessments
Assess physical condition.
Assess the body mass index and visual acuity of the patient.
Perform examination of foot, skin, nervous system and mouth.
Assess the patient’s history.
Assess laboratory examinations HgbA1C, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, microalbuminuria test, serum creatinine level, urinalysis, and ECG must be requested and performed.
Medication
Sulfonylureas
These medications help your body secrete more insulin.
Insulin
Meglitinides
work like sulfonylureas by stimulating the pancreas to secrete more insulin, but they're faster acting, and the duration of their effect in the body is shorter.
Metformin
It works by lowering glucose production in the liver and improving your body's sensitivity to insulin so that your body uses insulin more effectively.
Thiazolidinediones
make the body's tissues more sensitive to insulin.