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KNEE EXAMINATION - Coggle Diagram
KNEE
EXAMINATION
GENERAL
QUESTIONS
presenting complaint
where, when, how?
HEALTH
past medical history
previous surgery
allergies
INFORMATION
patient info
your info
gain rapport
put at ease
LOOK
inspect area
compare sides
symmetry
alignment
muscle changes
skin changes
Knees
normal
alignment & symmetrical
valgus/varus
flexed/extended
Muscles
waisting
which ones
Skin
redness
swelling
rashes
psoriasis
FEEL
skin temp
swellings
mobility
bony areas
tenderness
Temperature
back of hand
compare mid thigh/knee
Tenderness
Palpate
border of patella
bend knee
palpated joint line
behind knee
popliteal/Baker's cyst
Swelling
effusion
Patellar tap test
compress suprapatellar pouch
2/3 fingers push patella down
+ve patella will bounce & tap
Cross fluctuation
'The Bulge Sign'
Stroke with hand
medial knee upwards
lateral knee downwards
Check for
medial side refill
& bulge
= presence of effusion
Joint Inflammation
= synovitis
warmth
swelling
tenderness
MOVE
full ROM
compare sides
active & passive
Patient to
Flex knee
note range
feel for crepitus
compare sides
Knee flexed
at 90
check stability
from sides
posterior sag
step-back patella
= Posterior cruciate damage?
Anterior
Draw
Test
stabilise foot on couch
hands around upper tibia
pull upper tibia forwards
Too much movement?
Anterior cruciate laxity
Collateral ligaments
flex knee to 15
stress joint line
one hand opposite side
apply force to upper tibia
gentle pressure!
on couch or support leg
FUNCTION
what can the patient do?
gait affected how?
get up from chair?
up & down stairs?
Gait Assessment
observe from
anterior/posterior
& lateral
alignment
varus/valgus
full extension
ROM
timing
symmetry
Stance
alignment
varus/valgus
flexed/extended
symmetry
TESTS
Lachman's
knee flexed 15 - 20
push thigh opposite
to upper tibia
reverse direction
increased laxity?
Thessaly
Patient stands on one leg
(aid balance -
hold outstretched hands if necessary)
knee flexed at 20
rotate leg
internal/external 3 times
pain?
medial/lateral joint?
ALSO
Pivot Shift
Posterior Draw
Patellar Apprehension
Ballottement Test
Apley's Compression
McMurray's Test