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What are the three best fuels that can be easily accessible, promote clean…

- - - - Afflicted with numerous other more pressing concerns i.e. war, drought and famine. Hence, Africa is unlikely possess the resources to facilitate the production of new fuels.
        
        Inappropriate
    - - Agriculturally rich environment, ideal for production of raw crop fuels.
        
        Economy thrives on agriculture, hence production of crop-based raw materials is beneficial for developing nations on the continent.
        
        Brazil
        
        Various crop plantations readily available for conversion to crop-based fuels
        
        Large areas of highly fertile land
        
        Largest rainforest in the world, abundance of sustainably sourced wood
        
        HENCE
        
        BRAZIL WILL BE INVESTIGATED
- - - - Inappropriate in school setting
    - - Apparatus can be accessed within school setting
        
        HENCE
        
        SIMPLE CALORIMETRY WILL BE CONDUCTED
      - Variables
        
        Independent
        
        Fuel Type
        
        Dependent
        
        Specific energy
- - - - Crop-derived fuels
        
        Vegetable oil
        
        Not as abundant as other crop-derived oils in Brazil
        
        Soybean oil
        
        Most abundant crop-derived oil in Brazil
        
        FUEL #1: CANOLA OIL AND SOYBEAN OIL
        
        Existing agricultural infrastructure in Brazil to facilitate mass production of fuel
        
        Both non-polar, hence they mix well
        
        Contains oleic and linoleic acids, which possess higher specific energy values relative to fossil fuels.
        
        Hence, more energy dense and far more sustainable than fossil fuels
        
        Canola Oil
        
        Highly abundant crop-derived oil in Brazil
        
        Rice bran oil
        
        Highly abundant crop-derived oil in Brazil
      - Fossil fuels
        
        Unsustainable and environmentally harmful fuel
    - - Bioethanol
        
        Sythesised from
        
        Fermentation of Sugarcane
        
        Highly abundant crop in Brazil
        
        Fermentation of corn
        
        Highly abundant crop in Brazil
      - Biodiesel
        
        Synthesised from
        
        Transesterificiation of vegetable oil
        
        Vegatable oil is Not as abundant as other crop-derived oils in Brazil
      - Methanol
        
        Synthesised from
        
        Distillation of wood
        
        Wood is a highly abundant resource within the Amazon Rainforest
        
        FUEL #2: BIOETHANOL AND METHANOL
        
        Existing agricultural infrastructure in Brazil to facilitate mass production of Bioethanol raw material
        
        Instead of mass deforestation, excess wood from booming timber industry can be employed to facilitate mass production of Methanol raw material
        
        Both polar substances, hence they mix well
  - - - Inappropriate
  - - - Charcoal
        
        More environmentally friendly than coal
        
        Synthesised from wood, a highly abundant material in the Amazon Rainforest
    - - Wood
        
        Through sustainable obtainment, highly abundant source of fuel
      - Coal
        
        Unsustainable and environmentally harmful fuel
      - Cow Manure
        
        Brazil possesses the second largest cattle herd in the world
        
        Highly abundant resource in Brazil
        
        FUEL #3: CHARCOAL AND COW MANURE
        
        High abundance of both raw materials in Brazil
        
        Cow manure can be obtained wet, hence a binder for fuels is not required.
        
        Cow manure is a waste resource, hence fuel is cheap and accessible