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TOPIC 2. Brief history of social sciences, 1812-1813, XVIII Century (half)…
TOPIC 2. Brief history of social sciences
Scientific revolution
intellectual movement
Between the XVI and XVII century
to regulate society on scientific principles and left behind the magical-religious beliefs
discoveries related to astronomy
Copernicus
heliocentric theory
the Earth and planets rotates around the sun.
Keppler
theory of planetary motion
Galileo
Newton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w70BkCqgyyI
Re-understanding of the world
Medical discoveries
Adreas Versalius
father of modern anatomy
William Harvey
circulatory system
Chemistry
Boyle
Boyle law. (Volume + pressure+ temp)
founder of modern chemistry
Lavoisier
Philosophy
Descartes
method
Francis Bacon
father of empirism
experience=true
The scientific method was created
procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence using inductive reasoning.
Empirism
philosophical movement
affirms that the sensitive experience and perception are channels for building knowledge
especially through observation
new concepts and ideas are created
he senses play a very important role
deny the existence of innate ideas and refused any knowledge that could not be correlated with experience.
based on the inductive method
explanation based on Natural sciences
creators
John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume
philosophers of the XVII and XVIII century
3.The rationalism
tell us that the only source of knowledge is the human reason
rising in the XVII century,
based on the deductive method
for example, birds have feathers, and therefore, penguins are birds.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1g8wjsEQyw&feature=emb_logo
The Enlightenment
It was a philosophical movement of the XVIII century
intellectuals used ideas of the Scientific Revolution
his period ended many centuries of darkness and ignorance
benefits in art, music, literature, medicine, physics and mathematics
the monarchy disappears
republics are created with constitutions
rights or individual rights.
ideas of liberty and equality for all.
The french revolution
the old French system of government was deposed and the Republic was established, and three branches emerged.
was a social and political movement that emerged in 1789
contributions
Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizens,
political and religious freedom
the right to private property
sovereignty resides in the nation rather than in the monarch
Abolition of the absolutist monarchy.
Term of the privileges of the clergy and aristocrats.
The ending of servitude and feudal
The idea of equal pay of taxes
redistribution of wealth and property
Division between church and state.
More democratic education.
The Industrial Revolution
Initiated in England in the XVIII century and spread during the XIX century
Great Britain had become the most industrialized and wealthier country
change in society
From an economy based on agriculture
to one based on manufacturing products made by machines in industrial factories
significant growth in cities
New social classes
middle class and the working class
decrease in the rate of deaths, wars, and diseases.
development of steam locomotive
Emerged socialism and capitalism
Positivism evolutionism and consolidation of social science
emergence of social sciences
seeking to explain the behavioral science and social phenomena.
emerged from the radical empiricism of Hume
father of sociology
Auguste Comte
Evolutionism
by Charles Darwin,
Herbert Spencer
stages of evolution development
claimed that only through rules and laws and treating human facts as if they were a natural process, the social phenomena could be explained
Conclusion
To understand the development of social sciences, it is important to analyze the development and the study method of natural sciences, to see its similarities and differences. The socio-historical processes and the diverse methods of thinking also had a great influence on the development of sciences and were the key to develop new ideas.
1812-1813
XVIII Century (half)
1800
XIX Century
From individual to general
From general to individual
Experiencia
State
democracy
