Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDER - Coggle Diagram
ENDOCRINE
& METABOLIC DISORDER
GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDER
Black Cohosh
Dried rhizome and roots of
Cimicifuga racemosa
L.
Sometimes referred to as black snake root or cimicifuga
Contains isoflavone formononetin
Use to treat menopause symptoms, menstrual cramps and PMS
Lack of consistent proof of black cohosh efficacy to treat menopause symptoms
Clinical trials results have shown no serious side effects were associated with people who consumed it for as long as 12 months
May cause mild side effects such as stomach upset, cramping, headache, rash, a feeling of heaviness, vaginal spotting or bleeding, and weight gain
Although rarely occur, serious liver damage cases have been reported in people taking commercial black cohosh products
Available as powdered whole herb, liquid extracts, and dried extracts in pill form
Constituents that may account for its activity include triterpene glycosides, resins, and aromatic acid derivatives such as caffeic, isoferulic, and fukinolic acids
The Australian Department of Health and U.S. Pharmacopeia recommended black cohosh products to be labelled with warning of liver interaction
Chasteberry
Aromatic fruit of
Vitex agnus-castus
L.
Inhibits secretion of prolactin, a peptide hormone due to having dopaminergic properties
Dietary supplement to reduce PMS symptoms, breast pain associated with menstrual cycle, and infertility
May interact with birth control pills, antipsychotic drugs, and estrogen supplements
Generally safe when used in small amounts
Best to avoid in pregnant and breastfeeding women as well as women with breast, uterine, or ovarian cancer
Side effects are generally mild including nausea, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, or itching
The German Commission
E recommended 30–40 mg/day of extract of dried fruit which is standardized based on 0.6% casticin.
Contains apigenin, vitexin, penduletin and linoleic acid
Evening Primrose Oil
Small seeds of Native American wildflower,
Oenothera biennis
L.
Contains
cis
-linoleic acid (LA) and
cis
-gamma-linoleic acid (GLA)
May interact with anticoagulant drugs
Used to alleviate pain and discomfort during menopause
GLA produces prostaglandins which generates an inflammatory response and also regulates blood flow
Clinical trials result in 2013 demonstrated its effectiveness to reduce severity of hot flashes which is menopause symptoms, and reduced the frequency and duration as well
Black Currant Oil
Seed of
Ribes nigrum
L.
Contains 14-19 %gamma-linoleic acid (GLA)
Available as capsules of 200 mg or 400 mg
The supplements may be associated with side effects such as soft stools, mild diarrhea, and intestinal gas
Borage Seed Oil
Seed of
Borago officinalis L.
Contains 20-26 % gamma-linoleic acid (GLA)
Available as capsules of 300 mg
Contains small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the seed
Should be certified free of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids down to the level of 0.5-1 mg/g
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic
Raspberry leaf
The tea is an infusion prepared from dried leaves of
Rubus idaeus
L. or
R. strigosus
Michx.
Traditionally used for painful and excessive menstruation
Also used to treat diarrhea due to its ability to cause contraction of skin cells and other body tissues
Contains hydrolysable tannins, mainly ellagic acids
HYPERTHYROIDISM
Bugle weed
Leaves and tops collected before flowering of
Lycopus virginicus
L. or
L. europaeus
Antithyrotropic activity, meaning that it inhibits secretion or action of thyrotropin, a glycoprotein hormone which stimulates thyroid gland growth and function
Contains rosmarinic acid
Reduces production of thyroid hormone
Long-term use can cause enlarged thyroid gland
May interact with antidiabetic drugs and thyroid hormone
DIABETES MELLITUS
Glucomannan
(Amorphophalus konjac)
A hydrocolloidal polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and d-mannose bonded together by b-1,4 linkage
Glucomannan-containing flour is marketed as dietary supplement for weight control, diabetes mellitus type II, and hypercholesterolemia
Acts by swelling and increasing stool bulk
Also, it delays carbohydrate absorption by increasing gastric emptying time and decreasing food transit through small intestine, thus, improving glycemic control among diabetics
May interact with antidiabetes and oral drugs
Glucomannan powder or flour is safe to be consumed as food
Study in overweight and moderately obese individuals who were given glucomannan supplements as muchas 3.99 g daily did not show any reduction in weight loss
Linoleic acid
In vivo studies revealed its ability to normalized impaired glucose tolerance and improve hyperinsulinemia in patients with diabetes mellitus type II
Ginseng
Clinical trial of ginseng demonstrated optimum hypoglycemic result