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Review of literature- writing - Coggle Diagram
Review of literature- writing
second language - historical background=teaching writing was started in 1941 onwards by teaching latin american students as matter of security/ it was not big until 1960. -
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vBTap8uUhcoC&pg=PA35&dq=writing+in+second+language+-product+writing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU9o6w4JzrAhVy73MBHWg0A6oQ6AEwA3oECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=writing%20in%20second%20language%20-product%20writing&f=true
until 1941- only speaking and reading were given importance only after the adoption Bloomfield's 'outline guide for the practical study of foreign language' by army specialised training programme (astp ) and american council of learned societies writing became a concern along with increasing no of foreign students and the need for composition in the USA
after world war II, writing became a significant issue at CCCC-conference on college communication and composition - a professional forum started in 1949 - where teachers gathered to discuss.
in 1950s focus shifted to ESL studies from composition- L2 specialists did not attend CCCC conference- 1966 TESOL founded
a. writing as sentence level structure - free composition was rejected- it was a hit and miss- so controlled composition was introduced- no freedom to make mistakes- controlled composition stopped- students could not produce original sentences.
guided composition - less rigid
writing as discourse level - kaplan introduced contrastive rhetoric analysis - moved from sentence to paragraph
Kaplan- influenced by Francis Christnen's generative rhetoric of the paragraph- a purposeful selection and organisational experience
writing as language use in context - ESP jordan - 1977- teaching writing is interdisciplinary that includes- composition writing and second language writing- journals- tesol quarterly and composition - writing programme administration
1992- journal of second language writing
approaches and issues - most of the approaches in the second language writing is experimental
how do different types of feedback affect the content of an essay? - experimental/ how do students writing differ at different level of proficiency ?- qualitative / how do different groups of writers organize a text? - causal comparative
use the following techniques to capture the writing process- stimulated recall,
rate the writing within- general process, revison and fluency
cognitive technique- strategy and self regulation instructions improve the improve the writing skills of the learners-model in an esl programme
the effect of socio cognitive approach confirms the explicit teaching of expository texts and thinking skills ti increase the fluency of learners writing- very relevant to the paper-socio cognitive approach to teach writing - antonio
goal orientation and self regulation in writing /mastery approach.mastery avoidance/performance approach and performance avoidance- asia tefl journal
grammatical competence and discourse competence for writing
collocation is essential for writing