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PANIC DISORDER 8/13/2020 ARG - Coggle Diagram
PANIC DISORDER 8/13/2020 ARG
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Causes panic attacks
Sudden feelings of terror or fear when there is no real danger
Associated with feelings
Patients believe they are losing their minds or having a heart attack
A type of anxiety disroder
Patients feel feeling the control
Last a matter of minutes, and then subside
MEDICATION
Other mental health medications:
Alprazolam (xanax)
SSRI antidepressants
PRN medications may be indicated for high levels of anxiety. Watch out for adverse side effects.
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
diazepam (Valium)
lorazepam (Ativan)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
oxazepam (Serax)
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
If hyperventilation occurs, instruct patient to take slow, deep breaths.
Help patient recognize symptoms as resulting from anxiety
Identify effective therapies for panic episodes
Teach patient abdominal breathing to be immediately used when anxiety is detected
Maintain a calm, non threatening manner while working with the client
Establish and maintain a trusting relationship by listening to the client and use therapeutic communication
Support the client’s defenses initially
Encourage the client’s participation in relaxation exercises such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, meditation and so forth
Help the client see that mild anxiety can be a positive catalyst for change and does not need to be avoided.
BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
Teach patient and family about any medication ordered for patient’s panic attacks.
Help patient connect feelings before attack with onset of attack
Teach patient to use positive self-talk, such as “I can control my anxiety.”
Positive reframing: Turning negative messages into positive ones.
Decatastrophizing Also called the “what if” technique because the worst case scenario is confronted by asking a “what if” question
Assertiveness training: Helps the person take more control over life situations.
Encourage client to talk about traumatic experience under nonthreatening conditions
Help client work through feelings of guilt related to the traumatic event
Verbalization of feelings in a nonthreatening environment help client come to terms with unresolved issues
IMPORTANT ASSESSMENTS
Assess vital signs
Assess for: Chest pain or discomfort
Assess for: Palpitations
Assess: The breathing pattern and oxygen saturation
Assess level of conciousness
Assess for: Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
Assess for: Derealization and depersonalization
SYMPTOMS
Fast heartbeat
Chest or stomach pain
Breathing difficulty
Weakness or dizziness
Sweating
Feeling hot or a cold chill
Tingly or numb hands