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Detailed Examples - Coggle Diagram
Detailed Examples
Theme E - Sport Leisure and Tourism
Glastonbury Music Festival
Next to the
A361
in
PILTON
an expansion would cost
40-70 million
pounds
GreenPeace
and
Oxfam
are allowed to advertise and get donations from the festival
Sustainability
2 Million litre reservoir
of stored water
on-site
means no
tankers
are needs
Coaches
can be hired to bring people to the festival to reduce
chemical pollution
2010
-
1500 m
² of solar panels to provide Energy - saves
100 tonnes of carbon
Croissant Neuf
stage is powered completely off of
solar and wind
energy
Single-use sachets
and
non-biodegradable glitter
are not allowed on site
All warm beverages must be either
British
or
FairTrade
Schemes
Littering
Installed
15,000
bins on site
regularly emptied
recycling is offered
Don't Pee on the Land
1200
composting toilets
can use human defecation as
fertilizer
Refillable Water Bottles
WaterAid
provides free refills to those with reusable bottles
WaterAid
sells
reusable
bottles
Shops are encouraged to only offer
sustainable
options
Ligue 1
PSG
have won for the last
3
seasons
Stadiums
Marseille Olympique is the
largest
stadium and holds upto
66,000
people although usually fills to
52,000
Parc des Princes is the second largest and holds under
48,000
people but has the largest
percentage fill
Olympique Lyonnais holds
57,206
but only fills to
47,298
Parc des Princes
3.5km
from Eiffel Tour,
7km
from Notre Dame
Next to
Boulevard Péripherque
- main ring road
Paris population is
2.2 million
(centre), 12.4 million (outer)
Paris is the
largest
city in Europe
Charles de Gaulle
(international) and
Paris Orly
(national) Airport
Eurostar and TGV
International Support
Paris FC is the other Parisian club but plays in Ligue 2
PSG has
Qatar
Investment
Types of Tourism
High End
Ice Hotel Sweden (Dicover the World)
1,117 pounds for 3 nights
Swedish Winter Culture/Activities
Budget/Mass Tourism
Jet2 All-Inclusive in
Ibiza
Flight
Classic Beach Holiday
Up to
55
nights
America versus China Leisure
America
Wide range of activities including low and high budget
Gender Gap (1.1%)
- Women can commit less to leisure because of lower income
Access to
quaternary
industries - smartwatches
41%
doesn't have a passport
1/4
have no paid vacation
95.8%
of Americans participate in Leisure
China
Same sort of activities as America but
lower
budget (more activities you can do at
home
)
Growing
Middle Class = People are
starting
to spend more
The
Silver Market
(elderly Chinese spending miney on trouism) is one the fastest growing markets.
230 million people who are 60+
(combined population of UK, Italy, France, Germany)
Same Leisure spending as the
GDP of Austria
52%
of Chinese People change their phones every
2 year
Youthful Population (students) do not have a
comparable
amount of time
Cycling for Fun, not transport - for over
100km
The Internet is the
2nd
most common leisure activity This is thanks to
portable mobile devices
.
555 million
read the news,
267 million
play online games
39.2%
go to the Cinema
Working Rights
Denmark (#1 in OECD)
Workforce that is part-time:
20.4%
Unemployment rate:
4.9%
Employees who worked over 50 hours/week:
2.3%
Avg. annual wages:
$55,253
Average work week
37.2 hours
Colombia (#37, last in OECD)
Employees who worked over 50 hours/week:
26.6%
Workforce that is part-time:
6.5%
Average work week
49.8 hours
Unemployment rate:
10.7%
Rural Tourism (Machu Pichu)
Place
Between the
Andes
and
Amazon Rainforest
in
Peru
Doesn't rain between
May and August
High Altitudes
, but
doesn't snow
because of
humidity
Process
Isolated Dwelling, Unknown
Incan
Histroics, Picturesque Environment, the
only one
that wasn't destroyed by the Spanish Invasion
Power
Social Media
(free advertisement) and
eAdvertisment
creates a global outreach and people are willing to travel far to see it
Possibility
Increase
flow
of people (rise in the
Middle Class
), will see
urbanization
of the area
The Master Plan
It is a UNESCO World Herritage Site
43.7 million dollar budget
Disperse visitors
In groups of 100, every 10 minutes, 6am to 4pm
Visitor Orientation building that controls the flow
Implemented between 2015-2019
Surveillance & Cameras
Sign-marked paths
6,000 visitors per day / 2 million per year
Urban Tourism (Venice)
Place
Connecting to an
Archipelago
in the
Venice Lagoon
Attractive Mediterannean Climate
Nearby Mainland Italy, Croatia, Slovenia
Low Precipitation (
7-3 Days
)
Decrease in
metropolitan population
has led to a dependency on
tourism
Largest center-house for
Renaissance
&
Baroque Era
Low Traffic =
Low Visual, Chemical & Noise Pollution
St. Marcs Basilica
includes works from
Bellini & Carpaccio
Increase in tourism due to
rise in the middle class
"#EnjoyRespectVenezia"
Why
55,000 tourists per day
Cruiseships damage the lagoon
A
detourism scheme
promoted by the
City of Venice
Fines of
25-500 euros
for breaking the rules
12 Rules
Do not vandalize with graffit, padlocks, feeding the pidgeons
Do not camp in the city / walk in swimwear / dive into the water
You cannot consume food & drink in St. Marks Square
Do not eat on steps of churchs, monuments, paths
Use public transport
South African World Cup 2010
FIFA is a french organisation
Intangible benefits
Benefits
Promoted the whole of Africa, continental pride
Reduction in crime
Loss
Created 22,000
short-term, temporary
jons
FIFA gets a billion viewers and own the TV license
Tangiable
Loss
White Elephants
Benefit
New stadia - FNB Stadium, Ellis Park Stadium, Cape Town Stadium
Incentive for business to form around the stadia - hotels, restaurants
Police Rsources - New helicopters, officers
Why are they hosting?
40% of the population
10.5% of the population had HIV
South Africa already had major cities, airports - EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
2012 Olympics
Tangible
Rennovation of Stratford, London (East London)
2nd Largest Urban Park in Europe
Lea Valley waterways were cleaned
Infrastructure on Transport - Tube & Docks Light Railway
9,000 new houses built
Aquatics Centre designed by Zaha Hadid
1,400 affordable flats in the Olympic Village
Copper Box - Seats 7500 people for venue space
Media Centre - 20,000 people worked during the games and was converted in Europe's Largest Data Storage Facility
Olympic Stadium became home to West Ham and also housed the 2015 Rugby World Cup and 2017 World Athletics Championship
In Tangible
12,000
permanent
jobs
Housing for keyworkers - teachers, nurses
Everything was built on time
Companies with secure finances financed the project could go over budget (BT - 40m, British Airways - 40m, Cadbury - 20m)
It was good PR
It had a trickle-down effect and all areas of the UK saw a boost in Tourism
About Stratford
Deindustrialized in
1960-70
It was a dockland area but couldn't compete with
Tilbury
Leisure & Tourism Hierarchies (Toulouse)
Parks
Not found in the CBD of
Capitole, Jean Jaures, Esquirol
Nearest Parks are in
Carmes
or
St. Cyprien
(
Park Saint Raymond)
Often by the
Garonne River
or Cultural Icons (like
Musée de Toulouse)
Often by High-Density Residential Areas like
Minimes
and
Les Chalets
L'Ile de Ramier
was designed as a green leisure place - but it has outdated infrastructure
19 Key Ones
Stadia
Around the outside of the city on the
Rocade (ring road
) - this is for accessibility
Restaurants and Pubs are in close proximity (Cinema's, food halls and shopping are not found here and are in the CBD)
19
Keys Ones
Gyms
17
Key Ones
In High Residential Areas
Don't need a lot of space and can be found in the CBD
Also found in the Industrial Areas like
Colomiers & Blagnac
near Airbus workers
Along Key
Transport / Commute
Routes (
A621
and
Tisseo T1)
National Park
Nearest is
Pyrenees Parc National
2 hours drive
from Toulouse (
150km
)
Spans the
Pyrénées
Mountains along the
French / Spanish Border
Linked to
Parc Naturel Regional des Pyrénees Ariégeoises & Regional Park of the Catalan Pyrenees
RyanAir vs EasyJet
Ryanair
86 Bases
219 Airports
2100 Routes
455 Aircraft
16,840 Staff
142 Million Passengers
Average fair is 37 euros
66kg CO² per km
TIK TOK CAMPAIGNS
Michael O'Leary - Irish
Boeing 737s
Fly to smaller inconvenient airports - Luton, Frankfurt Han
EasyJet
30 Bases
159 Airports
1051 Routes
331 Aircraft
150000 Staff
96.1 million passengers
Average fair is 61 euros
77kg CO² per km
Stelios Founder - Greek
Airbus A320s
Fly to mainstream airports - Heathrow
Destruction of
BA's Go!
Both support diasporas throughout Europe (Toulouse, Lyon)
Key Principles
No Hubs
Cheap Unknown Airports
Flying 24 hours 7 days a week
Using only one aircraft
Large fees for getting stuff wrong
Lowering the time on the ground
Staff are multidisciplinary
Who's Benefitted?
Iceland
10 million passengers per year
28 airlines at
Keflavik Airport
Transformed the town, forcing it to clean up and increase population - Steinthor Jonsson
Visitor numbers quadrupled, lots of UK school children - Bjorn Jonasson
The Viking World Museum will attract 40,000 by 2017
Tourism in Iceland
Iceland used to have a supply of Oil & Finance but also turned to tourism
32% of foreigners
power the tourism industry in Iceland
Environmental Problems
Natural Beauty is their greatest asset but needs time to rejuvinate
Natural sites are turned into (basically) amusement parks
Socio-Economic Problems
More people that come = more infrastructure needed
Increased housing price (BnB affect)
Negative Impact of National Culture
House Crime Increases
WOW Air
1/3
of all passenger going to/from Iceland used this airline
It only had
10
aircraft
Caused an economic shrink of
1.2%
It also caused an increase of unemployment of
0.8%
Sustainable Tourism
1) Infrastructure
Collaboration between stakeholders and authorities to ensure appropriate / effective infrastructure to benefit all industries
Consider its' impacts on the natural environment
Regulate tourism to reduce harmful impacts (on environment)
Tourism permits allow for tourism to be controlled with consideration to the environment
2) Marketing
Promotion of Tourism
Collaboration between public and private sectors
Marketing to clear objectives
Metric used to promote tourism such as exchange rates, revenue, hotels, geographical area are used
GOLDEN CIRCLE SCHEME
Gullfoss Waterfall, Geysir Geothermal Area, and Þingvellir (Thingvellir) National Park.
250km long
Can be done in a day
The Icelandic Pledge
Put in place by Icelandic Government after the 2012 Tourism Boom
Informs tourists on the damaging affects of disrespecting the land
Film that provoked Tourism
Die Another Day
Interstellar,
Star Wars Rogue One / Force Awakens
Game of Thrones
Negative Impacts
Justin Bieber
I'll Show You (500 million views)
Icelandic Air Scheme leads to high tourism density in Reykjavik as people don't want to leave the city
Tourism supports 20% of the economy - meaning it is favourised and other small businesses are unsupported
Development is concentrated in the South and not the North
(2/3 of Icelanders live in the South)
Icelandic Krona is growing in strength = good for milking tourists but bad for locals
68% of icelanders felt positive feelings about tourism in 2018
Benefits
Employment
Travel Industry
BnB Industry
Shopping
Attractions
Skogafoss
Gullfoss
Reynishverfi
LAVA Volcano & Earthquake Centre
The Tourism Boom
Peaks each Summer (Touists)
Spikes at Easter when Western European countries are on holiday and there are school trips
Caused by the explosion of E15 in 2010 which grabbed headlines
The Krona fell after the Icelandic Banks crashed during the 2008 Financial Crash this meant tourists could buy more for less
Ecotourism in Indonesia
465 mile reserve where all fishing is banned
Misool Foundation
An economic model to show businesses how to operate whilst protecting the island
Stops illegal poaching
Underwater biomass increased by 600%
Coral Reef Tourism generates 36 billion USD
Russia State Doping
In 2014, 44%
of athletes admitted to doping
Icarus (Netflix Documentary) exposed Russia for swapping urine samples during the night
Banned from 2021 Tokyo Olympics and 2020 Football World Cup but were allowed for UEFA 2020 because St. Petersberg was a host city
WADA recommended to the IOC than Russia be banned banned from the 2016 Olympics
Rancho Margot
Costa Rica (Central America)
Environment
Use a Circular Economy model to reduce waste
Not having a negative impact on biodiversity (but no improving it)
Sustainable Building Materials
A sustainable tourism project
Socio-Cultural
Do not focus on building / living in cultural heritage or upholding traditional values
There is some sharing of language and culture between tourists and locals
Socio-Economic
Hire 40-55 employees
Employees are paid well and tourism boosts sales
Support local businesses
Trickle Down Economics to locals
Improves transport links
Future International Tourism
Social Media (Instragram)
1/7
People have access to Instagram
Has over
1 billion users
Regular competes successful with rival apps (Snapchat & Tik Tok)
GeoTags allow locals to gain a following to support sustainable tourism and increase the number of tourists
Wanaka, New Zealand
used Instagram and saw a
14% increase in tourism
Instagram is linked to at least
2 billion USD (2.2%)
of the global Tourism income
(8.8 trillion)
Tourism is the fastest growing industry (faster than healthcare & IT)
AccidentallyWesAnderson have
1.4 million followers
and promote aesthetic travel - they even have a book
International Security
Covid 19 led to decrease in global travel by 94%
Travel Rate is 57% below average in USA
International Holiday makers make
1.6 trillion dollars
Airlines are a secure transport as they can be shut off quickly in light of pandemics
Air travel won't resume pre-covid levels until
2024
Destabilized economies (similar to 2008 financial crash could lead to a decrease of travel)
Look at the
importance of travel and AVIATION
Ghana Diaspora
10,000 in South Africa, 442,000 in Brazil & 117,000 in USA
2019 was the "year of return", encouraging descendants of the slave trade to understand their heritage
Ghana is one of the most peaceful African nations
Doesn't have crowded economy - lots of opportunity for entrepreneurship
Increasing
cultural tourism
In 2019, Ghana saw an increase of 40% in heritage tourism
E Sports
2.3 Global Resource & Consumption
E-Waste
kg Per inhabitant
France
22.2
China
4.41
UK
23.51
Basel Convetion
Global control over the
movement
of
hazardous
waste & materials
Agbogbloshie,
Ghana
Socio-Economic
Young Kids can support themselves and then
go to school
Health
threatening
Environmental
Toxic Fumes
Toxic material goes into food sources and rivers
there are no
living organisms
survive in the river
Circular Economy
2.2
Swiss Ski Resorts
70% snow reduction by 2100
The Alps = 44% of all global ski visitors
1/4 Ski Resorts are below 1200m
No Snow below 1200m by the end of the century
Melting Snow = Less skiers
It is become more expensive
Profit is dependent on the number of skiers