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NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDER - Coggle Diagram
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDER
:eight_pointed_black_star:
ANXIETY
:frowning_face: Phobias
:frowning_face: Social Anxiety Disorder
:frowning_face: Panic Disorder
:frowning_face: Post-traumatic Stress disorder
:frowning_face: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
TYPES
TREATMENT
:pill:
Benzodiazepines
:pill:
Anti-depressants
:eight_pointed_black_star:
SLEEP DISORDER
interfere with
mental
emotional function
TYPES
Sleep apnea
Sleep walking
Snoring
Insomnia
Herbs
:herb:
Valerian
active phytochemical
Monoterpenes
bornyl acetate
bornyl isovalerate
Sesquiterpenes
valerenic acid
acetoxyvalerenic acid
Mode of action
:arrow_up:GABA concentration
:arrow_down:CNS activity
possess
sedative, hypnotic
calmative
anti-hypotensive
antipasmodic
Alprazolam
Benzodiazepines
CNS depressants drugs (morphine)
:herb:
KAVA
active phytochemical
kavalactones
kavapyrones
styrylpyrones
interaction
Acetaminophen
Levodopa
MOA
block voltage-gated Na2+ ion channel
enhance ligand binding to GABA (A receptor)
reduce NA reuptake
result
induce sleep
muscle relaxation
analgesia
:herb:
Passion Flower
active phytochemical
vitexin
have anxiolytic properties
coumarin
umbelliferone
maltol
flavonoids
Mode of action
:herb:
Hops
active phytochemical
humulone, lupulone, colupulone
undergo auto-oxidation
methylbutenol
bitter taste
Mode of action
herb-drug interaction
sedative medication
:herb:
Bacopa
Mode of action
neurotransmitter modulation
beta-amyloid reduction
AChE inibition
active phytochemicals
have anxiolytic properties
alkaloids, bacosides A, nicotine
saponins, betulinic acid
:herb:
Gotu Kola
possess
cholinergic mechanisms
mild tranquilizing
anti-stress
antianxiety
Mode of action
:arrow_up:collagen production
prevent DNA replication
interaction
hepatotoxic drugs
active phytochemical
flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, aceatic acid
promotes wound healing
:eight_pointed_black_star:
DEPRESSION
TYPES
Dysthmia
Major Depressive Disorder
HERBS
:herb:
St. John's Wort
active phytochemicals
-Naphtodianthrone
pseudohypericin, isohypericin, protohypericin and emodin anthrone
hypericin
-Flavonoids
antioxidant properties
sesquiterpenes
monoterpenes
Mode of action
inhibits reuptake of Neurotransmitter
:arrow_down:neurochemicals degradation
:arrow_up: sensitization :arrow_down: binding to neuroreceptors
:arrow_up: dopaminergic activity
drugs interaction
:arrow_up:antidepressants side effect
serotonin syndrome taken with SSRIs
interacts with antihistamines by reducung level
:arrow_down:digoxin effect
:arrow_up: effects of sedative
:eight_pointed_black_star:
PAIN
TYPES
Acute Pain
Chronic Pain
Herbs
:herb:
Capsicum
active phytochemical
capsaicin
creams
patches
mode of action
deplete & prevent substance P reaccumulation
local pains not transmitted to brain
herb-drug interaction
Anti-coagulant= warfarin
Antihypertensive drugs
:herb:
Willow Barks
active phytochemicals
fragilin
salicortin
salicin
tremulacin
produce
anti-analgesics
antipyretic effect
anti-inflammatory
herb-drug interaction
:arrow_down: drugs effectiveness
NSAIDS drugs (Ibuprofen)
:arrow_up: risk of stomach bleedings
Diuretics Drugs (Antihypertensive)
mode of action
inhibit cyclooxygenase
inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis
:eight_pointed_black_star:
HEADACHES
TYPES
Muscular/myogenic
Vascular
Traction and inflammatory
Cervicogenic
HERBS
:herb:
Feverfew
active phytochemicals
sesquiterpene lactone=
parthenolide
reduce inflammation
inhibit platelets aggregation
Mode of action
Parthenolide works on serotonin receptors
herb-drug interaction
:herb:
Caffeine-containing plant
Coffee-dried ripe seed of Coffea arabica L.
Cacao (Cocoa)-roasted seeds of Theobroma cacao L.
Kola(Cola)-dried cotyledons of Cola nitida Vent.
Guarana-crushed seed of Paullinia cupana H.B.K
Tea-leaves and leaf buds of Camellia sinensis L.
Mate-dried leaves
active phytochemicals
salicylates
ergotamine
mode of action
Caffeine
constricts cerebral blood vessels
increase drugs absorption
herb-drug interactions
alagesics (aspirin & acetaminophen)
:arrow_up:drugs activity
:eight_pointed_black_star:
MEMORY LOSS
:herb:
Ginkgo biloba (GBE)
:arrow_up: blood flow
herb-drug interaction
:arrow_up: risk of bleeding =
Aspirin & Warfarin
:arrow_up: Drugs bioavailability = *Digoxin & Diltiazem
:arrow_up: blood pressure=
Thiazide diuretics
:arrow_up:intracerebral mass bleeding due to platelet aggregation inhibition =
Ibuprofen
Mode of action
protects neuron from oxidative damage
beta-amyloid peptides inhibit toxicity & cell death
inhibits MOA
inhibit catechol-O-transferase
:arrow_up: alpha-adrenoreceptor
active phytochemicals
ginkgolides
bilobalides