NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDER

✴ANXIETY

✴SLEEP DISORDER

☹ Phobias

☹ Social Anxiety Disorder

☹ Panic Disorder

☹ Post-traumatic Stress disorder

☹ Generalized Anxiety Disorder

TYPES

TREATMENT

💊Benzodiazepines

💊Anti-depressants

interfere with

mental

emotional function

TYPES

Sleep apnea

Sleep walking

Snoring

Insomnia

Herbs

🌿Valerian

🌿 KAVA

🌿Passion Flower

🌿 Hops

🌿 Bacopa

🌿 Gotu Kola

✴DEPRESSION

TYPES

Dysthmia

Major Depressive Disorder

HERBS

🌿 St. John's Wort

✴PAIN

✴HEADACHES

✴MEMORY LOSS

TYPES

Acute Pain

Chronic Pain

Herbs

🌿 Capsicum

🌿 Willow Barks

TYPES

Muscular/myogenic

Vascular

Traction and inflammatory

Cervicogenic

HERBS

🌿 Feverfew

🌿 Caffeine-containing plant

Coffee-dried ripe seed of Coffea arabica L.

Cacao (Cocoa)-roasted seeds of Theobroma cacao L.

Kola(Cola)-dried cotyledons of Cola nitida Vent.

Guarana-crushed seed of Paullinia cupana H.B.K

Tea-leaves and leaf buds of Camellia sinensis L.

Mate-dried leaves

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🌿 Ginkgo biloba (GBE)

active phytochemical

Monoterpenes

Sesquiterpenes

bornyl acetate

bornyl isovalerate

valerenic acid

acetoxyvalerenic acid

Mode of action

⬆GABA concentration

possess

sedative, hypnotic

calmative

anti-hypotensive

antipasmodic

⬇CNS activity

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Alprazolam

Benzodiazepines

CNS depressants drugs (morphine)

active phytochemical

kavalactones

kavapyrones

styrylpyrones

interaction

Acetaminophen

MOA

block voltage-gated Na2+ ion channel

result

induce sleep

muscle relaxation

analgesia

enhance ligand binding to GABA (A receptor)

reduce NA reuptake

Levodopa

active phytochemical

vitexin

Mode of action

have anxiolytic properties

coumarin

umbelliferone

maltol

flavonoids

active phytochemical

humulone, lupulone, colupulone

undergo auto-oxidation

methylbutenol

bitter taste

Mode of action

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click to edit

Mode of action

active phytochemicals

herb-drug interaction

sedative medication

have anxiolytic properties

alkaloids, bacosides A, nicotine

neurotransmitter modulation

beta-amyloid reduction

AChE inibition

saponins, betulinic acid

possess

Mode of action

interaction

cholinergic mechanisms

mild tranquilizing

anti-stress

antianxiety

active phytochemical

hepatotoxic drugs

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click to edit

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flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, aceatic acid

promotes wound healing

⬆collagen production

prevent DNA replication

active phytochemicals

Mode of action

-Naphtodianthrone

pseudohypericin, isohypericin, protohypericin and emodin anthrone

hypericin

-Flavonoids

inhibits reuptake of Neurotransmitter

⬇neurochemicals degradation

⬆ sensitization ⬇ binding to neuroreceptors

⬆ dopaminergic activity

drugs interaction

⬆antidepressants side effect

serotonin syndrome taken with SSRIs

interacts with antihistamines by reducung level

⬇digoxin effect

⬆ effects of sedative

⬆ blood flow

herb-drug interaction

Mode of action

active phytochemicals

antioxidant properties

protects neuron from oxidative damage

beta-amyloid peptides inhibit toxicity & cell death

inhibits MOA

inhibit catechol-O-transferase

⬆ alpha-adrenoreceptor

ginkgolides

bilobalides

⬆ risk of bleeding = Aspirin & Warfarin

⬆ Drugs bioavailability = *Digoxin & Diltiazem

⬆ blood pressure=Thiazide diuretics

⬆intracerebral mass bleeding due to platelet aggregation inhibition = Ibuprofen

sesquiterpenes

monoterpenes

active phytochemicals

Mode of action

herb-drug interaction

sesquiterpene lactone= parthenolide

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click to edit

reduce inflammation

inhibit platelets aggregation

Parthenolide works on serotonin receptors

active phytochemicals

salicylates

ergotamine

mode of action

herb-drug interactions

alagesics (aspirin & acetaminophen)

⬆drugs activity

Caffeine

constricts cerebral blood vessels

increase drugs absorption

active phytochemical

capsaicin

mode of action

deplete & prevent substance P reaccumulation

herb-drug interaction

local pains not transmitted to brain

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creams

patches

active phytochemicals

fragilin

salicortin

salicin

tremulacin

Anti-coagulant= warfarin

Antihypertensive drugs

herb-drug interaction

mode of action

produce

anti-analgesics

antipyretic effect

anti-inflammatory

inhibit cyclooxygenase

inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis

⬇ drugs effectiveness

⬆ risk of stomach bleedings

NSAIDS drugs (Ibuprofen)

Diuretics Drugs (Antihypertensive)