Chapter 1 : Introduction (Ain Najihah Binti Abdul Samad_57217119294)
Materials Science and Engineering
Material Science involves investigating the relationships that exist between structures and properties of materials.
Material Engineering involves the basis of structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a set of properties.
Why study Materials Science and Engineering
To select the right materials to ensure the products has the right strength and ductility
Classification of Materials
Metals
Composed of 1 or more metallic elements and also nonmetallic elements
Properties
Denser that ceramics and polymers
Stiff and strong yet ductile
Resistant to fracture
Good electric and heat conductor
Some metals has magnetic properties
Ceramics
Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
Properties
Stiff and strong
Typically very hard
Extreme brittleness
Highly susceptible to fracture
Newer ceramics has resistance to fracture
Insulative to heat and electricity
Resistance to high temperatures and harsh environment
Polymers
Plastic and rubber materials
Properties
Not as stiff and strong as other metallic materials
Low density
Extremely ductile and pliable
Has tendency to soften or decompose
Low electric conductivity
Composites
Composed 2 or more individual materials from the other materials
Design to achieve a combination of properties that is not displayed by any single materials and incorporate the best characteristics of each components.
Example
Fiberglass
Relatively strong and stiff
Brittle
Flexible
Low density
Advanced Materials
Semiconductors
Have electrical properties that are intermediate between electrical conductors and insulators
Extremely sensitive to the presence of concentration atoms
Biomaterials
Components that implanted in human body
Must not produce toxic substances
Must compatible with human body tissues
Smart Materials
Materials that can sense the changes of environment and respond to it
Include some kind of sensor and an actuator
Types of materials for actuators
Shape-memory alloys
Piezoelectric ceramics
Magnetrostrictive materials
Electrorheological/magnetorheological
fluids
Nanomaterials
The dimensions is smaller in size than the basics types
Can be one of the 4 basic types
Considering for any deterioration of materials properties that may occur during operation
Consideration for the economics