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Free Will VS Determinism, Our actions aren't determined before we make…
Free Will VS Determinism
Libertarianism
Radical Libertaniarism
The mind and body are separate entities, therefore it is possible for our minds to not obey the rules of causality in our world and make free decisions
Soft Libertarianism
Deliberation exists because there is free will: we deliberate our choices for months or years because we are free. If we were determined why would we use up so much time deliberating
We feel free, most humans believe that we are free to determine what to do, hence why we have concepts such as morality and responsibility. If we feel so free, why don't we assume we are?
Determinism
Soft
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Criticisms
Tries to maintain two contradictory ideas afloat (incompatibilists). The idea of making choices is determined, so why call that free will.
Richard Taylor agrees with this statement. 'There is no halfway house'. Once you accept the concept of choice then you cannot believe in determinsim.
There exists a network of causal events which do not come from a single thing. So, the idea of a single internal influence making way for choice, would not work for determinism.
Arguments
There is a causal chain of events which influence everything humans do. At its core even though there are internal influences, these are still determined.
Hard
Free will is never, in itself the cause of "choices" or actions. Actions are caused by external factors we have no control over. Free will is just a "feeling" and an illusion
Arguments
Our actions form part of a causal chain of events that starts at a sub-molecular level, and although this level is purely random above it everything has a cause. Plus, randomness does not make it any more free than determined and much like many things in the natural world we may simply not know the cause yet. We could trust science's record of finding the cause to unexplainable events
Humans are determined and influences by their biology, environment and genes: factors beyond our control. They determine the people we become
There are reasons behind making choices. There is a purpose. This purpose is carried out by reasons which are determined by our senses, environment, etc.
Criticisms
One of the consequences of hard determinism is that it may be difficult to hold people to their actions: morlar responsability, which stems from freedmo, seems to disappear.
Hard determinsim rejects free will, in doing so the hard determinist also reject ethics.
The distinction between “hard determinism” and “soft determinism” was first made by the American philosopher William James (1842-1910).
Our actions aren't determined before we make the action, we have complete free will over what we do and the agent is not influeced by external factors
Even though our actions are affected by outside factors such as our upbringing, we as humans select from a pool of choices to make a final decision that can override the outside causes
Definition: The idea that there are external factors which cause and determine our decision, but a sense of freedom still remains due to internal causation ('cause' by ourselves).
Criticism: if the mind is non-physical, how can it cause a change to the physical world
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Relies on causation: for a cause, there will always be an effect of that action.
There are overwhelming evidence pointing to determinism, the whole world around us is determined, why would we not be?