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GSWS Final Paper - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Idea is predicated on secular assumption that true 'agency' can only be in a liberal 'free will' type of way, and not the agency to choose to show, for example, piety and subordinatioin to men
        
        When it is the free will decision of a woman to show piety and subordination to men because of religious dictates, is this anti-women manipulation/brainwashing, or should it be allowed ?
    - - Muslims have a fear of the police in Ireland
- - - - Statistical analyses reveal startling disparities, with less than 10% of Indigenous peoples attaining post-secondary degrees, compared to 26.5% of non-Indigenous Canadians
      - The other frequently recurring theme is that of 'institutional rhetoric rather than action'
      - Throughout history, Canadians have often denied any responsibility for the welfare and lower socio-economic status of Indigenous communities, placing blame on the shoulders of the Indigenous peoples themselves (Satzewich [32]).
      - Contemporary Canadian society is 'beset with subtle racial tensions' and this has serious implications for Indigenous university students as policy for higher education in Canada often still presumes assimilation
      - Research has documented a shift in the predominant forms of racism. Traditional racism (openly expressed prejudice and discrimination) has been largely replaced by 'modern racism', which is more subtle, indirect and difficult to detect
      - Microaggressions can be defined as 'brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural or environmental indignities ... hostile, derogatory or negative racial slights'
      - 'I've had people say to me that they've always wanted to talk to a Native person, but they don't know how to approach them ... or I'm less scary than other Native people.'
      - Interaction levels are low between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people
      - The variety of answers demonstrates inconsistency in how the Indigenous 'presence' is perceived.
      - The theory of modern racism outlines how contemporary racism often goes undetected in its subtle form and is therefore often not confronted
      - These examples demonstrate a focus on 'who' your audience is and 'clearing the way' before making provocative or racist comments.
      - They found that 'academic counterspaces' were often used to facilitate learning, more supportive environments and personal/cultural validation
      - One of the foundational issues in trying to access education that is grounded in an Indigenous pedagogy is having faculty who are Indigenous themselves.
      - For Sandra, isolation is experienced both socially and academically. She described her feeling of being singled out socially, mocked and placed in a separate category within the university and in Canadian society generally.
      - Although Clark et al. ([ 7]) focused on the environment (systemic/institutional causes) creating the isolation, it is evident that there are social (interpersonal) causes at work that go beyond the institutional structure – such as the prevalence of everyday racism/microaggressions spawned from racist societal ideologies.
      - It may be important for future researchers and policymakers to examine how professors at the university level are 'trained' in terms of sensitivity to/awareness of Indigenous issues and the proper manner for responding to controversial situations. Perhaps the current training/support systems for faculty are lacking.
      - It is extremely important that research continues regarding the environment that exists for Indigenous students at Canadian universities in order to gain a better understanding of the present circumstance and what actions may be taken to decrease both the social and institutional elements of racism.