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Polyhydramnios - Coggle Diagram
Polyhydramnios
Complications
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Placental abruption — when the placenta peels away from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery
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Causes
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Twin-twin transfusion
a possible complication of identical twin pregnancies in which one twin receives too much blood and the other too little
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Nursing
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Hospitalization if symptoms are severe dyspnea, abdominal pain and difficult ambulation.
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Prepare the patient for amniocentesis and possible labor induction, as appropriate; keep in mind that amniocentesis for fluid removals is only temporary and may need to be done repeatedly.
Pathophysiology
Normally, amniotic volume is maintained by a balance of fetal fluid production (lung liquid and urine) and fluid resorption (fetal swallowing and flow across the membrane to the fetus or the maternal uterus).
Fetal urine is the primary source of amniotic fluid with output at term ranging from 400 to 1,200 ml/day.
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With polyhydramnios, fluid accumulates because of a problem with the fetus’s ability to swallow or absorb the fluid or as a result of over production of urine.
Fluid may have increased gradually (chronic type) by the third trimester or rapidly (acute type) between 20 and 24 week’s gestation.
Symptoms
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Fetal malposition, such as breech presentation
Diagnosis
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Amniocentesis.
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which contains fetal cells and various chemicals produced by the baby is removed from the uterus for testing. Testing may include a karyotype analysis, used to screen the baby's chromosomes for abnormalities.
Nonstress test.
This test checks how your baby's heart rate reacts when your baby moves. During the test, you'll wear a special device on your abdomen to measure the baby's heart rate. You may be asked to eat or drink something to make the baby active. A buzzer-like device also may be used to wake the baby and encourage movement.
Biophysical profile.
This test uses an ultrasound to provide more information about your baby's breathing, tone and movement, as well as the volume of amniotic fluid in your uterus. It may be combined with a nonstress test.