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BIOMECHANICS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Turning effect of a force on a lever
      - A force that produces a rotary movement around an axis of motion
      - Torque = Force x Perpendicular Distance
    - - The amount of motion that a rotating athlete/object possesses.
      - 3 Factors that determines the Angular Momentum.
        
        Mass of Object
        
        Mass distribution relative to axis of rotation
        
        Rate of rotation
    - - second class
        
        applied force and resistance on same sides of axis - resistance closer to axis
        
        eg. wheelbarrow, nut cracker
      - third class
        
        applied force and resistance on same side of axis - applied force closer to axis
        
        eg. rowing a boat, digging
      - first class
        
        applied force and resistance on opposite sides of axis
        
        eg. see-saw, scissors
  - - - 1st: Law of Inertia
        
        Inertia = Mass
        
        Greater Inertia = more difficult to change its motion
        
        A state of rest, unless a force is acted
      - 2nd : Law of Acceleration
        
        Force = Mass x Acceleration
        
        Momentum = Mass x Velocity
        
        Force applied that causes acceleration of a magnitude proportional to the force
      - 3rd: Law of Gravitation
        
        Every force acted, there is equal and opposite force exerted
- - - - Movement/Execution
      - Follow-through
      - Preparatory
    - - Open Chain
        
        Distal end of the moving segment is free to move in space
        
        E.g Shoulder Press
      - Close Chain
        
        Distal segment is constrained
        
        E.g Standing squat, push-ups
  - - - equal reaction force is applied to the action force
    - - high GRF when jumping can help to have a higher and/or longer jump
      - high GRF when landing can cause pressure and force onto athlete, causing injury
  - - - impulse on takeoff
        
        adding momentum to increase force and adding the time taken to apply the force to the ground makes for a higher take off
      - impulse on landing
        
        positives: Used to lessen the GRF by increasing the time taken for the body to take in GRF
- - - - scalar (magnitude)
        
        speed
        
        total time
        
        distance
        
        add the distance travelled
      - vector (magnitude and direction)
        
        velocity
        
        speed divided by time
        
        acceleration
        
        final velocity minus initial velocity then divide by time
        
        displacement
        
        initial point minus final point
    - - with air resistance
        
        acceleration: pulls the ball down and opposite direction
        
        velocity: ball goes up and forward
      - without air resistance
        
        acceleration: ball gets pull down (gravity)
        
        velocity: ball goes up and forward
      - factors affecting throw
        
        angle of release
        
        release height
        
        speed of release
        
        air resistance
        
        ball rotation
  - - - scalar (magnitude)
        
        angular distance
        
        angular speed
        
        refers to the speed and range of
        movement in expense of effort
      - vector (magnitude and direction)
        
        angular displacement
        
        angular velocity
        
        to increase the angular velocity, you need to increase the distal distance firm the origin.