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Birth Asphyxia อรยา จวงเจิม รหัสนักศึกษา601410091-0 - Coggle Diagram
Birth Asphyxia
อรยา จวงเจิม
รหัสนักศึกษา601410091-0
pathophysiology
There are three stages to brain injury in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. First, there is an immediate primary neuronal injury that occurs due to interruption of oxygen and glucose to the brain.
This decreases ATP and results in failure of the ATP-dependent NaK pump. Sodium enters the cell followed by water, causing cell swelling, widespread depolarization, and cell death. Cell death and lysis cause release of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid, which causes an increase in intracellular calcium and further cell death.
Risk factors
Elderly or young mothers
Prolonged rupture of membranes
Meconium-stained fluid
Multiple births
Lack of antenatal care
Low birth weight infants
Malpresentation
Augmentation of labour with oxytocin
Antepartum hemorrhage
Severe eclampsia and pre-eclampsia
Antepartum and intrapartum anemia
Nursing care
A= Establish open airway: Suctioning, if necessary endotracheal intubation
B= Breathing: Through tactile stimulation, PPV, bag and mask, or through endotracheal tube
C= Circulation: Through chest compressions and medications if needed
D= Drugs: Adrenaline .01 of .1 solution
symptoms
Not breathing or very weak breathing
Skin color that is bluish, gray, or lighter than normal
Low heart rate
Poor muscle tone
Weak reflexes
Too much acid in the blood (acidosis)
Amniotic fluid stained with meconium (first stool)
Seizures
Diagnosis
Abnormal breathing
Poor blood circulation
Lack of energy (lethargy)
Low blood pressure
Not peeing
Blood-clotting abnormalities