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Affirmative Action Conceptual Map - Coggle Diagram
Affirmative Action Conceptual Map
Do Racial Preferences Violate Rights?
For a utilitarian, affirmative action would simply depend on weighing the educational and civic benefits it produces against the disappointment it causes Hopwood and other white applicants at the margin who lose out.
Ronald Dworkin's idea: justice in admissions is not a matter of rewarding merit or virtue; we can know what counts as a fair way of allocating seats in the freshman class only once the university defines its mission.
It is unfair to using race or ethnicity as factor in admission in equal society & successful affirmative action policies
Affirmative Action for Whites
conflict of unfair region-A quota system favoring white applicants—based not on racial prejudice but on the goal of sustaining an integrated community
If diversity serves the common good, and if no one is discriminated against based on hatred or contempt, then racial preferences do not violate anyone’s rights. Why not?
Can Justice Be Detached from Moral Desert?
Rawls' point: “no one deserves his greater natural capacity nor merits a more favorable starting place in society.”
Reasons that it may not be possible, politically or philosophically, to detach arguments about justice from debates about desert.
Justice often has an honorific aspect.
The idea that merit arises only once social institutions define their mission is subject to a complication.
Cheryl Hopwood Rejection of University of Texas Law School Case
Is it unjust to consider race and ethnicity as factors in hiring or university admissions?
three reasons
--proponents of affirmative action offer
Compensating for Past Wrongs: seeks to distribute the benefit in a way that compensates for past injustice and its lingering effects.
Promoting Diversity: In the name of common good; a racially mixed student body enables students to learn more from one another; advances the university’s civic purpose and contributes to the common good..
Correcting for the Testing Gap: using standardized tests to predict academic success requires interpreting the scores in light of students’ family, social, cultural, and educational backgrounds.
Why Not Auction College Admission?
whether colleges and universities may define their mission however they please.
To what extent should they pursue scholarly excellence, to what extent civic goods, and how should these purposes be balanced?
University's purpose
: is not to maximize revenue but to serve the common good through teaching and research.
So, selling admission is unjust.