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Graphic Oranizer - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Also called dysentery,
        less than 4 weeks.
    - - lasts 4 weeks or
        longer.
    - - Less than 4 weeks.
  - - - Abdominal cramps
      - Abdominal pain
      - Loose, watery stools
      - Fever
      - Blood in the stool
      - Mucus in the stool
      - Bloating
      - Nausea
      - Urgent need to have a bowel movement
- - - - cramping
      - Excess gas
      - Abdominal pain
      - Diarrhea or constipation
      - Mucus in the stool
  - - - IBS can be divided into three types, based on your symptoms:
        
        diarrhea-predominant
        
        mixed
        
        constipation-predominant
    - - Breath test for bacterial overgrowth
        
        A breath test also can determine if you have bacterial overgrowth in your small intestine. Bacterial overgrowth is more common among people who have had bowel surgery or who have diabetes or some other disease that slows down digestion.
      - Upper endoscopy
        
        A long, flexible tube is inserted down your throat and into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). A camera on the end of the tube allows the doctor to inspect your upper digestive tract and obtain a tissue sample (biopsy) from your small intestine and fluid to look for overgrowth of bacteria. Your doctor might recommend endoscopy if celiac disease is suspected.
      - Lactose intolerance tests.
        
        Lactase is an enzyme you need to digest the sugar found in dairy products. If you don't produce lactase, you may have problems similar to those caused by IBS, including abdominal pain, gas and diarrhea. Your doctor may order a breath test or ask you to remove milk and milk products from your diet for several weeks.
      - Stool tests
        
        Your stool might be examined for bacteria or parasites, or a digestive liquid produced in your liver (bile acid), if you have chronic diarrhea.
  - - - High-gas foods.
      - Gluten.
      - FODMAPs.
    - - If your problems are moderate or severe, your doctor might suggest counseling — especially if you have depression or if stress tends to worsen your symptoms.
        
        Fiber supplements.
        
        Taking a supplement such as psyllium (Metamucil) with fluids may help control constipation.
        
        Laxatives.
        
        If fiber doesn't help symptoms, your doctor may prescribe magnesium hydroxide oral (Phillips' Milk of Magnesia) or polyethylene glycol (Miralax).
        
        Anti-diarrheal medications
        
        Over-the-counter medications, such as loperamide (Imodium), can help control diarrhea. Your doctor might also prescribe a bile acid binder, such as cholestyramine (Prevalite), colestipol (Colestid) or colesevelam (Welchol). Bile acid binders can cause bloating.
        
        Anticholinergic medications
        
        Medications such as dicyclomine (Bentyl) can help relieve painful bowel spasms. They are sometimes prescribed for people who have bouts of diarrhea. These medications are generally safe but can cause constipation, dry mouth and blurred vision.
        
        Tricyclic antidepressants.
        
        This type of medication can help relieve depression as well as inhibit the activity of neurons that control the intestines to help reduce pain. If you have diarrhea and abdominal pain without depression, your doctor may suggest a lower than normal dose of imipramine (Tofranil), desipramine (Norpramine) or nortriptyline (Pamelor). Side effects — which might be reduced if you take the medication at bedtime — can include drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness and dry mouth.
        
        SSRI antidepressants
        
        Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) or paroxetine (Paxil), may help if you're depressed and have pain and constipation.
        
        Pain medications.
        
        Pregabalin (Lyrica) or gabapentin (Neurontin) might ease severe pain or bloating.
    - - Eluxadoline (Viberzi)
        
        Eluxadoline can ease diarrhea by reducing muscle contractions and fluid secretion in the intestine, and increasing muscle tone in the rectum. Side effects can include nausea, abdominal pain and mild constipation. Eluxadoline has also been associated with pancreatitis, which can be serious and more common in certain individuals.
      - Rifaximin (Xifaxan)
        
        This antibiotic can decrease bacterial overgrowth and diarrhea.
      - Alosetron (Lotronex)
        
        Eluxadoline can ease diarrhea by reducing muscle contractions and fluid secretion in the intestine, and increasing muscle tone in the rectum. Side effects can include nausea, abdominal pain and mild constipation. Eluxadoline has also been associated with pancreatitis, which can be serious and more common in certain individuals.
      - Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
        
        Lubiprostone can increase fluid secretion in your small intestine to help with the passage of stool. It's approved for women who have IBS with constipation, and is generally prescribed only for women with severe symptoms that haven't responded to other treatments.
      - Linaclotide (Linzess).
        
        Linaclotide also can increase fluid secretion in your small intestine to help you pass stool. Linaclotide can cause diarrhea, but taking the medication 30 to 60 minutes before eating might help