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What conditions are most favourable for microbial food production? -…
What conditions are most favourable for microbial food production?
microbial
https://effca.org/microbial-cultures/food-production/#:~:text=Microorganisms%20in%20food%20production,fermented%20fish%2C%20meat%20and%20vegetables
.
Annotation: This site explained which microbes are most common in food production. This is useful in determining which microbe I will use in my practical
Bacteria
http://www.emmiusa.com/the-fermentation-process/
Annotation: This site explained how lactic acid bacteria is used to ferment dairy products
Cheese
Yoghurt
http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/6639/1/icadi16pp100-102.pdf
Annotation: This site explains how the storage temperature affects the fermentation time of yoghurt
Possible DV: Yoghurt needs to ferment and the time taken for the yoghurt to fully ferment can be the measured.
Annotation: Further research indicates that this will take up to 30 hours, making it unachievable under lesson time constraints.
Possible IV: Storage temperature can be changed when fermenting yoghurt
Yeast
fermentation develops flavour of beer and wine
How can this be done in a lab environment ?
http://howtobrew.com/book/section-1/yeast/preparing-yeast-and-yeast-starters
Annotation: This site explained how to adding sugar to a yeast and water solution causes fermentation.
Annotation: This is something that can be performed in a lab environment under lesson time constraints, making yeast fermentation a possible basis for my experiment.
Sourdough
https://www.feastingathome.com/sourdough-starter/
Annotation: Site explained how sourdough rises in a jar. This is can be done in a lab environment.
How does temperature affect rise?
How does pH affect the rise?
conditions
intrinsic factors
nutrient content
How does the ripening of fruit affect the fermentation process?
moisture
https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/42/4/682.full.pdf
Annotation: This site explains how moisture can affect the fermentation of food.
How does moisture affect milk fermentation?
food processing
How does food processing affect the fermentation process
processing of sugar used in fermentation
processing of the food being fermented
Possible IV: The type of processing can be what changes. Several types include: Fresh, Canned, Sauce.
extrinsic factors
storage vessel
bottle
jar
temperature
https://www.bacchus-barleycorn.com/catalog/article_info.php?articles_id=60
Annotation: temperature can affect yeast activation which can impact fermentation
Possible IV: I can test how temperature can affect the fermentation process however, further research will need to be done to determine how this can be measured.
atmosphere
favourable
best for growth
depends on environment
Environmental Factors play a large role in microbial food production, this makes the possibility of it becoming the IV very likely.
Possible Investigations
What is the effect of fermentation time on the fermentation process under typical fermentation conditions?
This experiment is likely to be the one I choose to do as it is possible to do under the 80 minute lesson time constraints
DV: fermentation yield which is measured through accumulated CO2 bubble volume (cm)
IV: Time given for yeast solution to ferment (mins)
What is the effect of storage temperature on yoghurt fermentation time?
This may not be possible to do under time constraints
IV: storage temperature (degrees celcius)
DV: time taken for yoghurt to ferment (hours)
What is the effect of fermentation time on ethanol production?
DV: alcohol concentraion (%)
IV: Time given for yeast to ferment (mins)
What is the effect of fermentation time on the change in pH level?
IV: fermentation time (can be mins or hours)
DV: pH level
food production
Fermentation
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-790/lactobacillus
Annotation: Lactobacillus bacteria causes fermentation.
produces lactic acid which develops flavour
How does pH change as fermentation occurs?
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_is_the_pH_increasing_during_fed-batch_fermentation
Annotation: This site explained how pH changes during fermentation due to the production of lactic acid.
Possible DV: pH changes can be measured using a litmus paper. Additionally, an experiment involving this can be done in a lab environment.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/yeast-fermentation-and-the-making-of-beer-14372813/
Annotation: Through this site, I was able to learn how fermentation is used to make various foods such as beer and wine.
also produces CO2
Possible DV: Fermentation also produces CO2 which can form foam on top of a yeast solution. This can be measured using a ruler
produces ethanol which develops flavour
Possible DV: ethanol content can be measured using a alcohol meter.
Annotation: After further research, I discovered that alcohol meters are an expensive apparatus and therefore, it may not be possible to acquire.
How does fermentation time affect this?
Variables
List of possible DVs
Time taken to ferment
Volume of CO2 bubbles
alcohol concentration
pH change
List of possible IVs
Time given to ferment
Fermentation temperature