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Classification Of Material - Coggle Diagram
Classification Of Material
Metals
Composed of one or more metallic element & often also nonmetallic element in relatively small amount.
Example
Metallic Element
Iron
Aluminium
Copper
Titatium
Gold
Nickel
Nonmetallic Element
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Atoms in metal and their alloys arranged in very orderly manner.
Atoms are denser than ceramics and polymer.
Characteristic
Stiff
Strong
Ductile
Resistant to fracture
Electric conductor
Heat conductor
Not transparent to visible light
Example; Polished metal surface has a lustrous appearances
Some metals have magnetic properties
Example; Ferrous, Copper,
Metallic materials have large amount of non-localized electrons where this electrons are not bound to a particular atoms. Makes metals are extremely good conductor of electricity.
Ceramics
Compound between metallic and nonmetallic element; frequently oxides, nitrides & carbides.
Example
Aluminiium oxide/
alumina
, Al2O3
Silicon dioxide/
silica
, SiO2
Silicon carbide, SiC
Silicon nitride, Si3N4
Traditional ceremics (composed of clay material)
Porcerlain
Cement
Glass
Charateristic
Stiff
Strong
Typically very hard
Traditional ceramic happen to be lack of ductility and high in term of fracture. However, latest ceramic are being engineered to have improved resistance to fracture.
Have low electrical conductivities
More resistant to high temperature & harsh environment.
Some of the oxide ceramic (Fe3O4) shows magnetic behavior.
Optical Criteria
May be transparent
May be translucent
May be opaque
Polymer
Include familiar plastic and rubber material. Many of polymer are organic compound that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen and other non-metallic elements.
Polymer have large molecular structures.
Example
Polyethylene (PE)
Nylon
Poly vinyl chloride (PVC)
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polystyrene (PS)
Silicone rubber
Characteristic
Low densities
Not as stiff and strong as ceramic and metal.
Extremely ductile & pliable (easily formed into complex shape)
Relatively inert chemically and un-reactive in a large number of envinronment.
Decompose at modest temperature.
Low electric conductivities.
Nonmagnetic
Common object made from polymeric materials
Spoon, fork, knife (plastic tableware)
Billiard balls
Bicycle helmet
Dices
Plastic milk carton
Composites
Composed of two (or more) individual materials, which come from polymers, metals or ceramics. The aim of combination of those material to achieved the properties that not exhibit by single material.
Example
Fiberglass. Small glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material such as epoxy or polyster. The criteria glass fiber are strong & stiff but also brittle, whereas the polymer is more flexible.
Thus , fiberglass is relatively stiff, strong and flexible. Plus it has low density.
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite. Carbon fibers that are combined within a polymer. Extremely strong & stiff. CFRP used in some aircraft & aerospace applications as well as high-tech sporting equipment such as bicycles, golf clubs, snowboard, tennis racket.