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"What are the most favourable conditions for microbial food…
"What are the most favourable conditions for microbial food production"
What encourages bacteria to grow?
Different conditions
Correct Temperatures
Depending on the type of bacteria, each bacteria needs a specific temperature in order to grow
Natural Sunlight
Minimal
None
UV rays
Warm Temperature
Human Body Temperature
Ideal bacterial growth
Danger Zone:
Between 5-57 degrees
Usually room temperature
Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or low acid.
Time
How long does it take bacteria to grow/develop?
Bacteria does not grow instantly
It takes time to adjust to the environment
Both time and correct temperature is needed for bacteria to multiply
Controlled Variable
Bacteria can multiply and divide every 10-20minutes
Does bacteria need oxygen to grow?
Oxygen Packing
Sealing and packaging foods protects products from growth of bacteria in them.
Prevents bacterial growth
Must have oxygen to grow
However can grow with or without oxygen
Properties of oxygen with bacteria
Bacteria cannot grow if oxygen is present
Must have oxygen to grow
Bacteria Adaptations
Food
- Nutrients
Bacteria needs nutrients to grow in order to reproduce
Bacteria can adapt to many different environments
Water
- moisture
Without a water source bacteria can die
Kitchens and bathrooms where water is used frequently are HIGHLY PRONE to bacterial growth
Water content in food allows bacteria to grow faster
Other chemicals can affect this also
Foods produced
Bacteria used in food preparations through dairy fermentation
Cheese
Sour cream
Yoghurt
Wine
Vinegar
Meat products
Sausages
Vegetable Products
Pickles
Sauerkraut
Olives
Many advances have been made during the past decade in developing improved bacterial strains for starter culture application, which largely have been made possible through advances in molecular technology.
The use of lactic acid bacteria to enhance the quality and safety of foods is a rapidly evolving field.
pH - pH 6.5 - 7 is neutral and suited for bacterial growth.
Some bacteria can grow in places with acidic pH levels of 4.
However some bacteria can prefer alkaline pH of 8-9
Molds and Yeast (fungus) require an optimum pH of 5-6 to grow.
Osmotic Pressure:
Microorganisms require water for growth as they obtain almost all their nutrients in solution from the surrounding water.