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"What are the most favourable conditions for microbial food…
"What are the most favourable conditions for microbial food production"
Different types of microbes
bacteria
fungi
protozoa
What conditions to microbes grow best in?
F.A.T.T.O.M
F: Food source for microbes
A: Acidity
Refers to pH
for most bacteria the optimum pH is being 6.5 -7.5
neutrophillic bacteria
grow between pH ranges of 7-7.2 (pretty basic)
acidophillic bacteria
found in yoghurt and sauerkraut
optimum pH range of less than 6
T: Temperature
enzyme activity depends on the temperature of the environment
temperature preferences of different types of microbes
psychophrillic organisms
prefer cold temperatures 0-20 degrees
mesophillic organisms
prefer temperatures from 20-40 degrees
thermophillic organisms
prefer temperatures higher than 40 degrees
T: Time
microbes like bacteria multiply every 20 minutes
O: Oxygen
oxygen is used by aerobic microbes for the purpose of cellular respiration
M: Moisture
Measured as water activity (aw)
Bacteria require a higher water activity of o.977-0.99
osmotic pressure
optimum is when salt concentration of the external environment and microbial cytoplasm is about 1 percent
Plasmolysis
if the external concentration is higher, the water would move out the microbial cytoplasm into the external environment through osmosis, causing the microbe to shrink and die
Explains the role of salt in food preservation
bacteria optimum conditions
fungi optimum conditions
What microbes are used in food production?
bacteria in yogurt
first milk (containing lactose) is heated which kills of any mystery microbes and evaporates the water
After that process, the milk is cooled and thermophillic bacteria is added. The bacteria eat the lactose sugar in milk, and through fermentation produce lactic acid.
Different strains of bacteria may produce different flavours of yogurt.
Some species of yogurt called probiotics are considered beneficial for our gut.
fermentation of food products
yoghurt
beer
wine
cheese
lactic acid is used to acidify milk to produce cheese or sour milk
Length of maturing time determines how much flavour is formed in the cheese
ham
dried sausages
lactic acid bacteria for protective layer
yeast in bread
kombucha
what is fermentation
Type of anaerobic respiration where microorganisms feed on organic compounds
probiotics
really food for gut microbe health
good germs
Help keep pH in check and also balances the microflora party in your gut
How to determine if microbes are safe?
What are conditions that inhibit microbial growth?
what are cultures?
define: A collection of microbes (bacteria, yeast or fungi)
The give the food its characteristic taste or texture
makes product healthier, tastier and cheaper