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SELF REPORT, Allows the P to answer in any way they want, Requires P to…

- - - - 1. Fixed choice
        
        (+) easy to analyze - quantitative data
        
        (-) P may be forced into choosing an answer which does not fit their true opinion
      - 2. Checklist
        
        (+) easy to analyze - quantitative data
        
        (-) answers lack context - cannot know why people ticked those
      - 3. Ranking
        
        (+) easy to analyse - quantitative data
        
        (-) ranking does not let you know how much more people like one option than another
      - 4. Likert scales
        
        (+) scale is more sensitive than standard fixed choice - measures strength of agreement
        
        (+) easy to analyse - quantitative data (assign numbers to verbal scale)
        
        (+) verbal opinions feel more realistic than numerical scales - high ecological validity
        
        (-) Ps cannot explain why they chose their answer - no qualitative context
      - 5. Semantic differential
        
        (+) scale is more sensitive than standard fixed choice - measures strength of opinion
        
        (+) easy to analyze - quantitative data (assign numbers to spaces)
        
        (-) no qualitative context
      - 6. Rating scale
        
        (+) scale is more sensitive than standard fixed choice - measures strength of opinion
        
        (+) easy to analyze - quantitative data
        
        (-) no qualitative context
        
        (-) middle value response bias
        
        (-) rating scales = subjective
- - - - (+) answers can be compared easily
      - (+) predetermined Qs --> well thought out and not leading
      - (+) easy to replicate - Qs written in advance
      - (+) does not require trained interviewer
      - (-) less flexible - cannot change questions if not generating appropriate answers
      - (-) closed questions - lack of detail
    - - (+) most answers can be compared
      - (+) some flexibility - can follow up on interesting points
      - (-) hard to replicate
      - (-) follow up questions may be leading
    - - (+) detail can be gathered - Qs tailored to their own experiences
      - (+) more flexible - can change questions if not generating appropriate answers
      - (-) difficult to compare responses
      - (-) leading questions
      - (-) trained interviewers required
      - (-) difficult to replicate
- - - - Split half reliability
        
        A measure of consistency which checks whether Ps give roughly the same answers to 2 halves of a questionnaire/test
        
        Finds out whether the test consistently assesses the same characteristic
        
        Eg. GCSE maths test wouldn't be internally consistent because part 1 tests foundation level maths and part 2 increases in difficulty
        
        Eg. a depression inventory is internally consistent because the first part tests the same 20 symptoms as the second half
    - - Test re-test reliability
        
        A measure of consistency which tests whether Ps will get the same score if they repeat the questionnaire/test
        
        Eg. would patients get the same score on the depression inventory if they were to repeat it after 2 weeks time?