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Reproductive pathogens 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Clinical signs
        
        Pyrexia, lethargic, tachycardia ;
        
        Palpable mass - caudal abdomen
        
        Pus filled -distended uterus
        
        Ultrasound / radiology
        
        Entire female dog with recent oestrus
        
        Polydipsic ; Polyuria
        
        Vasopressin ; Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) --> diuresis
        
        Glomerulonephritis - immune-complex deposition
      - Uterine fluid analysis
        
        Guarded uterus swab
        
        Cytology
        
        Bacteria (rods)
        
        E.coli - initial pathogen
        
        Strict anaerobes ; staphylococcus ; streptococcus ; pseudomonas ; proteus
        
        Leukocytes ; neutrophils
    - - P4 surge
        
        Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
        
        Stimulate secretory activity endometrial glands
        
        Fluid accumulation
        
        E. coli binding to endometrium
        
        Decreased myometrial activity
        
        Decreased drainage
        
        Closed cervix
      - Host defences
        
        E2
        
        Increased uterine motility
        
        Mechanical expulsion of bacteria
        
        Increased blood supply
        
        Neutrophil number and activity
        
        Mucosal immunity ; normal flora
        
        Lymphoid follicles
        
        Antibodies - IgA; IgG; IgM
- - - - Contagious equine metritis
        
        Exogenous infection
        
        Acute suppurative disease
        
        Uterus ; cervix; vagina
        
        Temporary infertility
        
        Self-limiting - complete recovery
    - - Gram -ve rod; oxidase + ; facultative anaerobe (fastidious, microaerophilic)
      - Obligate parasite
        
        Equine genital tract mucosa
        
        Venereal transmission
        
        Asymptomatic
        
        Fomites ; semen
      - Exotic to Australia
        
        Biosecurity measures
        
        3 pre-export -ve swabs : 7-9d apart
        
        Notifiable disease
    - - Mares : uterine infusion of antibiotics
      - Stallion: bathed with chlorheixine
      - Slaughter - reduce carriers
      - Sources of infection
        
        Reactivation of latent herpesvirus
        
        Contagious - carrier horse
        
        Aborted foetus
        
        Fomite transfer from humans, feed, equipment
  - - - Clinical signs
        
        Localised lesions - vesicles or ulcers
        
        Liver necrosis
        
        Oedema
        
        Lungs ; subcutaneous tissue, pleua and perirtoneum
        
        Splenic enlargement
        
        Prominent lymphoid follicles
        
        Abortion
        
        In-utero , death 2-3d after birth
        
        Jaundice ; petechiations of mm.
      - PM foetus
        
        PCR - liver, lung spleen, thymus
        
        Minimise DNA degradation
        
        During transport
        
        Histopath - inclusions, PCR
    - - Equine Abortion Virus
        
        Local respiratory infection "The snots"
        
        Systemic infection
        
        Asymptomatic - latency
        
        Sensory nerve ganglia
        
        Reactivated with immunosuppression
        
        Leukocyte-associated viraemia
        
        Abortions; perinatal deaths
        
        Viral predilection - vascular endothelium
        
        Transplacental infection of foetus in utero
        
        Late pregnancy abortion - last trimester
        
        2-12 weeks after mare infection
        
        No effect on long-term fertility
        
        Myeloencephalitis
        
        Rare