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Biopsychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Fluent aphasia
- - - - It can do this by averaging the brain's response to several presentations of the same stimuli
- - - - Study has a small number of participants with sever epilepsy prior to surgery which may not be representative of the general population
- - - - Effects of endogenous pacemaker= internal biological clock without the external stimuli such as light, (known as free-running)
        
        Siffre (1962)(1970s): effects of free-running biological rhythms. Spent 2 months in the Southern Alps caves and 6 months in a Texan Cave. Both times his free-running circadian rhythm settled to about 25hrs with a regular sleep/wake cycle. Supports the existence of a individual 24hr endogenous pacemaker that encourages a 24hr circadian rhythm without the need of exogenous cues.
        
        Siffre: his case study only uses a single individual which means his results and conclusions may not be representative of the wider population. This therefore limits the meaningful generalisations made. Siffre observed his internal clock was slower at 60 which suggest that even with the same individual there are factors that prevent general conclusions being drawn.
      - Effects of exogenous zeitgeber= feeling drowsy at night and alert during the day due to the effect of sunlight as an external cue
        
        Campbell and Murphy (1998): how light can shift the phrase of circadian rhythms. They found participants that exposded themselves to bright light for the first 3.5hrs after waking for 3 days, had lower levels of melatonin in their saliva than the control group. The change of melatonin was equivalent to being awake for an extra 2.5hrs.
        
        Biologically reductionist: behaviorist approach would suggest bodily rhythms are influenced by other people and social norms occur due to the social norm. I would not be seen socially acceptable for a person to conduct their daily routine during the night. The research could be criticized for being reductionist as it only considers the biological reasons.
        
        C&M study shows how bright light can advance the phase of someone's sleep/wake cycle and could be used a pre-flight treatment to potentially eliminate jet lag when travelling east
- - - - Autonomic nervous system= governs functions in the body, e.g. breathing, heart rate...
      - Somatic nervous system= controls muscle movement and receives info from sensory receptors
      - Difference between autonomic and somatic nervous system: autonomic nervous system is involuntary(automatic/unconscious) where as somatic nervous system is under conscious control