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Contrast - Coggle Diagram
Contrast
Conjunctions of Contrast
Expressing difference
- but
- while - more informal,
- whereas - formal
- whilst - very formal
:check: main clause(, - not necessary) + but
:check: while, whilst, whereas , + main clause or main clause ,+ while, whilst, whereas
:pencil2: the clause introduced by the conjunction is usually the one which carries more emphasis or introduces smth new.
- Life expectancy in Japan is now over 80 but it is several years lower in the UK.
While only 84 people died on the railways last year, more than 5 000 died on the roads.
Reds and yellows are warm colours, whereas blues and greens are cool.
- My best friend has got two brothers but I've got two sisers.
I've got two sisters, while my best friend has got two brothers.
While I've got two sisters, my best friend has got two brothers.
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Other patterns with although, even though and though
- conjunctions + adjective instead of a clause
- adjective + though + V (be, look, seem)
- we can use though at the end of the sentence to make contrast with the next sentences.
- The necklace, even though (it was) staggeringly expensive, would match the dress perfectly.
Though exhausted after the drive home. Shelley cooked a meal for them all.
Her face, although deathly pale, was as stern as ever.
Beautiful though she is, you must be sure that you love her for herself. (якою би красивою вона не була б )
Although she is beautidul, you must be sure thaat you love her for herself.
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Adverb of contrast
Formality
- sentence adverbials (however, neverthless, still, on the other hand, on the contrary) to make a contrast btw sentences, in more formal speech and writing.
:check: use comma to separate adverbials from the sentence.
:pencil2: However - less formal.
:pencil2: Neverthless/nonetheless - more formal than however.
:pencil2: Even so - to express a surprisingly contrast.
:pencil2: still, all the same, mind you - more informal verbs of concession.
- A dog may be a good companion for the elderly. However, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
The new version of Windows is not problem-free. Nevertheless, it is still an improvement on the previous one.
The last attempt to swim the Channel ended in disaster. Even so, more swimmers than ever are training to achieve this feat.
Our latest designs are not really as innocative as the competition. Still, they will certainly be popular, as they are realistically priced.
I know it's not late. I have to go, all the same.
The new programme about dinosaurs is a far-fetched. Mind you, t's a lot more interesting than most of the other programmers on TV right now.
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Position
- all of the adverbs of contast can be placed: 1) at the beginning of the contrasting sentence; 2) after the subject or verb of the contrasting sentence.
:pencil2: Though - at the end of the contrasting sentence
:pencil2: Neverthless and nonetheless - at the beginning of the sentence.
:pencil2: Even so - at the end of a sentence.
:pencil2: Still - at the beginnign of the sentence
:pencil2: All the same; mind you - at the beginning or at the end
- One way of selecting candidates is a written editorial test.
On the other hand, an informal interview can often be more informative.
- Little is known about Shakespeare's early life in Stratford. His years in London, however, are well documented./ are, however, well documented.
- We haven't had a lot of success with the garden this year. The weather was much hotter than usual, though.
- Last year the government terned aways more asylum seekers than ever before:
Nevertheless, the public considers that too many are allowed to stay.
The public, however, considers that too many are allowed to stay.
The public considers that too many are allowed to stay, even so.
- I know it's far too expensive for someone on my income.
Still, it's worth it!
All the same, it's worth it!
It's worth it, all the same!
Mind you, it's worth it!
It's worth it, mind you!
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Prepositions of Contrast
- despite, in spite of - more formal than although
:warning: they don't introduce clauses.
:warning: they can be followed by a noun of ing form
:warning: to introduce a clause with despite or inspite of we have to add the fact that.
- Despite the depressed gold price, mine production rose in most areas last year.
Althoughshe saw me in the car, she didn't wave or say hello.
Though the plane left an hour late, we arrived at our destination on time.
Despite offering poor conditions, charities rarely have problems in recruiting staff.
In spite of the fact that the final rehearsal had gone so badly, the first night was a great success.
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