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INVESTIGATING SCIENCE 2020 - Coggle Diagram
INVESTIGATING SCIENCE 2020
Cause & Effect - Observing
Inferences & Generalisation
3: Scientific Models
Types of Models
Digrammatic
E.g. Food Webs, Bohr Model
Benefit
Scale up small things
Make predictions
Visualise abstract
Limitation
very simplified
not as dynamic
requires background knowledge to interpret
Physical Replica
Benefit
Tangible + Malleable
usually 3D
replicate structure
Limitation
Properties of materials used
not always demonstrate process
E.g. Anatomy of Heart Model
Mathematical representation
E.g. F=ma
Benefit
demonstrate relationship between 2 variables
make accurate quantitative predictions
Limitation
Usually only look at 1 aspect in isolation
not always simple to use or interpret
Computer Simulation
Benefit
Slow/speed events up
factor in more variables
make predictions and connections
Limitation
expensive
require large amounts of information
time to construct
training in using the program
E.g. Climate Model
Analogy
Benefit
easy to understand and use
Limitations
Misinterpreted
misconceptions
can be inaccurate
E.g. Cell structure and function can be likened to the roles and structure of a factory
Theories & Laws
Theories
Examples
theory of plate tectonics
evidence
observations
the germ theory
theory of combustion
Development of a theory
speculative stage
descriptive stage
constructive stage
validation stage
Disproving theories
geocentric model
inherited acquired characterisitcs and the subsequent development of the theory of evolution
Dalton's atomic theory
steady state theory of the universe in cosmotology
Diverse Phenomena
Laws
Examples
Law of conservation of mass
Avogadro's law
law of superposition
evidence
Mendel's law of dominance
Development of Laws
acceptance of laws by supporting evidence
acceptance of Newton's second law of motion
Predictions
Comparision
Application of laws and theories
