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Information management and evaluation of Projects - Coggle Diagram
Information management and evaluation of
Projects
Introduction
Investment Study Types. Pre feasibility analysis
The Studies to be Financed with Program Resources are classified into General and Specific,
GENERAL STUDIES
Basic general studies of a regional and / or sectoral nature, including research aimed at identifying possible specific programs and projects, as well as the global quantification of investment requirements.
Preliminary studies aimed at considering alternatives from the technical, environmental, financial, economic and institutional points of view, to make a decision regarding the convenience and opportunity to analyze a program, project or group of projects in a more extensive or detailed way
SPECIFIC STUDIES
Complementary studies on a project and / or the bidding documents, in order to improve its presentation or complete the information required by national financial entities or
foreign.
Feasibility studies aimed at expanding and deepening the analysis of the alternatives resulting from a pre-feasibility study already carried out. This should include a full economic evaluation of the project, calculation of the internal economic rate of return, presentation of the net present value of the project at a discount rate of 12%, and sensitivity analysis.
Project Classification
The companies classify the projects in the
following categories:
a.Replacement
b.Expansion of existing products or markets
c. expansion into new products or markets
At the microeconomic level, the classification of the process investor is as follows:
Economic, Financial, Legal
Product Study
The basic aspects to take into account
time to write a project. The points to work on will be the following:
1.- The preliminary report of the project
2.- Who does it. Presentation.
3.- Why is it done? Foundation.
4.- Where we do it. Location.
5.- For whom. Recipients.
TYPES OF CYCLE MODEL
OF LIFE
LINEAR LIFE CYCLE
It consists of decomposing the global activity of the project into phases that follow each other in a linear way, that is, each one is carried out only once, each one is carried out after the previous one and before the next one. With a linear cycle it is easy to divide the tasks between successive teams, and to predict the times
PROTECTED LIFE CYCLE
The experience of prototype development and its The evaluation should allow the definition of the most complete and safest specifications for the final product.
SPIRAL LIFE CYCLE
it can be considered as a generalization of the previous one in cases where a single evaluation of a prototype is not enough to ensure the disappearance of uncertainties and / or ignorances.
OBJECTIVES OF EACH
PHASE
Definition phase (what to do?) Feasibility study.
Ensure that the requirements are achievable.
Formalize the agreement with the users.
Carry out detailed planning
ELEMENTS OF THE CYCLE OF
LIFETIME
PHASES: A phase is a set of activities related to an objective in the development of the project. It is built by grouping tasks (elementary activities) that can share a certain stretch of the life time of a project.
DELIVERABLES ("deliverables"). They are the intermediate products that generate the phases. They can be materials (components, equipment) or immaterial (documents, software).
PROJECT can be defined as a set of interdependent activities aimed at a specific purpose, with a predetermined duration.
To a set of Projects oriented to a
Higher objective is called PROGRAM.
A set of Programs constitutes a PLAN
Every project has three facets or aspects different that it is necessary to harmonize for achieving the desired result:
Human dimension
A project is a complex web of personal relationships,
where a large number of interests come together sometimes opposing. To the inevitable differences that arise.
Management variable:
This term refers to something that is sometimes undervalued because it is not as spectacular or visible as other elements but that is the catalyst that allows the rest of the elements to behave properly
Technical dimension:
It is necessary to apply the specific knowledge of each
work area, complying with a way of working and some requirements (the "know how") that each profession imposes.
Economic Evaluation and Administration of
Draft
Sensitivity Analysis of Draft
Sensitivity analysis is used in project studies to study the effect on the result of changing one or more elements.
Social Assessment
When carrying out a social evaluation of a project, the indirect effects that will be had with the implementation of the project aremeasured.
Analysis Methods
Evaluation
a.Evaluation methods that take into account the value of money over time.
b.Net Present Value Method (NPV)
c. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method
d. Equivalent Annual Uniform Cost (CAUE)
e.Evaluation Methods that do not take into account the value of money over time.
General problems of the
Organization
Problems - Factors of success and failure of projects
a) Problems over time: "risks" in meeting deadlines.
b) Cost risks Benefit Ratio Cost.
Economic analysis
Total Cost Of
Operation
They must be calculated for the different levels of operation foreseen during the useful life of the project, classified into fixed and variable. They will be broken down into production, administration and marketing costs, financial, depreciation, etc.
a. raw materials
b. direct labor
c. indirect labor
d. electric power
Costs
Unitary
When the total costs to be incurred have already been determined, for the normal development of activities in a given period (generally one year), it is relevant to establish the unit cost of the good to be produced.
Total Cost of Investment
Physical
The costs associated with the initial investment, such as acquisition of real estate, purchase of machinery and equipment, intangible assets and working capital.
Total Costs of
investment.
a.Civil work.
b.Equipment and its hospitalization expenses.
c. Installation, assembly and commissioning costs.
d. Working capital, indicating the calculation base used
Portfolio Analysis of
Investment
The investment portfolios are integrated with the different instruments that the investor has selected. To make your choice, you must take into account basic aspects such as the level of risk you are willing to take and the objectives you are seeking to achieve with your investment.
Project Study
Project localization
At this point, it is important to analyze which is the ideal place where the project can be installed, incurring minimal costs and better facilities for accessing resources, equipment, etc.
In the location of projects, depending
its nature, two aspects are considered:
Location at the macro level.
It is to compare alternatives between the areas of the country and select the one that offers the greatest advantages for the project.
Location at the micro level.
In the location at the micro level, more specific aspects of the land already used are studied.
Project Engineering
In this section, all the necessary resources are determined to comply with the production size that has been established as optimal. You should also determine:
a. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
b.SUPPLIES AND SUPPLIES.
c. SUPPLIERS OF SUPPLIES AND SUPPLIES.
d.TECHNOLOGY.
Magnitude of the Project
In this field, a unit of measurement must be registered, with the possibility of including, if necessary, a second unit of measure, which allows for an account of the size or magnitude of the project.
Organization of the
Production
Control of
Costs
The data on material costs, labor and variable and fixed costs, allow not only to obtain the cost per product, but also variations in quantity of inputs and cost prices.
Market
Changeable
When there is a lot of production of a product, the demand for it decreases. This produces an oversaturation of merchandise.
Production by
mounting
The industries that work by assembly include some of the productive activities of greatest relevance to the current economy, mainly mechanical: automobiles, motors, tractors, household appliances, electronics, etc.
Market study
Market research. Offer and demand
PRODUCT DEMAND
Here the quantities of the good that consumers are willing to acquire and that justify the execution of production programs are determined.
It must include:
Current situation of demand.
Indicators of demand
Future situation.
Current situation.
Price analysis
Here the mechanisms of formation of
prices in the product market
Training mechanism.
Price setting
Product Study
In this part, the specific characteristics of the good or service under analysis must be defined.
Main product
By-products
Substitute products
Complementary products
Marketing Analysis
Marketing
They are the activities related to the transfer of the product from the producing company to the final consumer and that can generate costs for the project
It is necessary to detail the marketing chain
Determine if advertising will be used.
Financial Study.
Points of
Balance
The break-even point shows a situation in which the company neither wins nor loses, and is performed to determine the lowest levels of production or sales at which a project can operate without jeopardizing financial viability.
Budgets
After determining the investments and financing sources to implement and launch the project, the income and expense budget is developed to analyze the operations of
the new company or expansion of this, or could be the operating costs during the useful life, of a project or social program.
Some social projects do not generate income, only costs. Some cost structure could be the following:
PRODUCTION COSTS.
PRESENTATION OF THE COST BUDGET.
Investment And Financing
The investments to be made constitute the initial costs corresponding to the execution of the project. This part considers how the financial resources will be disbursed in
the project implementation stage
In the investments, all the resources necessary for the execution of the project in the established time are quantified in monetary values, and two cases can arise:
EXPANSION OF FACILITIES.
NEW PROJECT.
Structure And Sources Of Financing
The stages to follow for financing are:
a. Determine the financing needs.
b. Identify possible sources of financing