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General and Organizational Administration - Coggle Diagram
General and Organizational Administration
Management is a social science that manifests itself and projects itself through
of a social group,whose aim is to achieve common objectives by planning, organization, direction and control of its activities and with the
USE of resources, so that they can efficiently meet
needs of society.
Management as a practical activity emerged when men
Primitives joined together and organized themselves to be able to face the conditions
that nature was facing them.
ISO 9000 and 14000 standards
Worldwide the ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 standards are
required, because they guarantee the quality of a product by implementation of comprehensive controls, ensuring that all
processes involved in their manufacture operate within the characteristics provided for. These standards provide the basic rules for developing a Quality System being totally independent of the purpose of the company or the product or
service I provide.
The ISO 14000 series shares common principles of a management system
with the ISO 9,000 series of quality system standards. However, it must It is understood that the application of various elements of the management system can differ due to different objectives and different stakeholders.
Classic approach: Frederick Taylor and Henry Fayol
Frederick W. Taylor has been described as the father of the Administration,
for having systematically researched human work and applied to the study of manufacturing operations, especially in the area of production, the
scientific method. He was also the one who realized the principle of
Universality of Administration and developed a method for studying the times and movements at work.
The Administrative Process:
Henry Fayol argued that the organization is an abstract entity which must be guided by a set of steps that will lead to the achievement of your objectives; which are: Planning (foresight), Organization, Management (command), Coordination, and Control.
Humanistic Approach: Elton Mayo
The humanistic approach arises with the theory of human relations in the
The United States, from the 1930s onwards. His birth was
made possible by the development of the social sciences, particularly the psychology, and in particular the psychology of work, which emerged in the first
decade of the 20th century.
Bureaucratic model
(Marx Weber)
Bureaucracy is a form of human organization that is based on
rationality, in the adequacy of the means to the objectives sought, with in order to ensure maximum efficiency in the pursuit of those objectives. Weber distinguishes three types of legitimate authority:
Traditional authority:
when the subordinates consider that the orders
of the superiors are justified because that was always the way
did things
Charismatic authority:
when subordinates accept the orders of
as justified, because of the influence of the personality and the leadership of the superior with whom they identify.
Legal, rational or bureaucratic authority
when subordinates accept
the orders of the superiors as justified, because they agree with a set of precepts or rules which they consider to be legitimate and of which
derives the power of command.
Neoclassical approach: Peter Drunker
The neoclassical approach "consists of identifying the functions of the
administrators, and then deduce from them the fundamental principles
of the complicated practice of administration." This is an approach
widely used today.
Management by Objectives
The system called A.P.O. (Administration by Objectives) involves the
development of objectives between superiors and subordinates for all levels in the management hierarchy and in all organizational units. A.P.O. is a comprehensive administrative system that integrates many activities The Committee is concerned about the fact that the government is not
consciously directed towards the effective and efficient achievement of the objectives
organizational and individual.