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femur - Coggle Diagram
femur
Anatomical Position
- The head is directed medially upwards and slightly forwards.
- The shaft is directed obliquely
downwards and medially
so that the lower surfaces of 2 condyles of femur lie in the same horizontal plane.
Side Determination
- The upper end - bears a rounded head
- whereas the lower end - is widely expanded to form 2 large condyles.
- The head is directed medially
- The cylindrical shaft is convex forwards.
upper end:
includes:
- the head,
- the neck,
- the greater trochanter (Greek runner),
- the lesser trochanter,
- the intertrochanteric line, and
- the intertrochanteric crest.
head
- forms more than half a sphere,
- and is directed medially, upwards n slightly forwards.
- It articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
-A roughened pit is situated just below and behind the center of the head.
This pit is called the fovea.
neck
- connects the head with the shaft and is about
3.7 cm long.
upper border
- concave and horizontal,
- meets the shaft at the greater trochanter.
lower border
- straight and oblique,
- meets the shaft near the lesser trochanter.
anterior surface
- is flat.
- It meets the shaft at the intertrochanteric line.
- It's entirely intracapsular.
- The articular cartilage of the head may extend to this surface.
posterior surface
- is convex from above downwards
- and concave from side to side.
- It meets the shaft at the intertrochanteric crest.
- Only a little more than its medial
half is intracapsular.
- is crossed by a horizontal groove for
the tendon of the obturator externus to be inserted into the trochanteric fossa.
Greater Trochanter
- is large quadrangular prominence located at the upper part of the junction of neck with the shaft.
-
has an
- upper border
with an apex,
- and three surfaces,
anterior, medial and lateral.
surfaces
-
The medial surface
- presents a rough impression above,
- and a deep trochanteric fossa below.
-
Lesser Trochanter
- is a conical eminence directed medially and backwards from the junction of the posteroinferior part of the neck with the shaft.
Intertrochanteric line
- It marks the junction of the anterior surface of the neck with the shaft of the femur.
- It is a prominent roughened ridge which begins above, at
the anterosuperior angle of the greater trochanter as a tubercle, and is continuous below with the spiral line in front of the lesser trochanter.
- The spiral line winds round the shaft below the lesser trochanter to reach the posterior surface of the shaft.
Intertrochanteric crest
- It marks the junction of the posterior surface of the neck with the shaft of the femur.
- It is a smooth-rounded ridge, which begins above at the
posterosuperior angle of the greater trochanter and ends at the lesser trochanter.
- The rounded elevation, a little above its middle, is called the quadrate tubercle.
Shaft
- The shaft is more or less cylindrical.
- It is narrowest in the middle, and is more expanded inferiorly than superiorly.
- It is convex forwards and is directed obliquely downwards and medially, because the upper ends of two femora are
separated by the width of the pelvis, and their lower ends are close together.
- In the middle one-third, the shaft has
3 borders, medial, lateral and posterior
and 3 surfaces, anterior, medial and lateral.
- The femur (Latin thigh) or thighbone is the longest and the
strongest bone of the body. :
- Like any other typical long bone, it has two ends upper and lower, and a shaft.