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Reactivity Series, Most reactive Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Calcium…

- - - - E.g. Brass ( an alloy of copper and zinc) is harder and stronger than pure copper or pure zinc
    - - E.g. Pewter (an alloy of tin, antimony and copper) is used to make ornaments because it looks more beautiful than pure tin
    - - E.g. Solder (an alloy of tin and lead) has a lower melting point than most metals. It can be used to join electronic parts to circuit boards
    - - E.g. Cupronickel (an alloy of copper and nickel) is used in coins because it does not corrode easily
- - - - In a pure metal, the atoms are packed regularly in layers. The layers of atoms can slide over one another easily when a force is applied
- - - - Reaction of Metals with Water and Steam
        
        General Equation
        
        metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
        
        General Equation
        
        metal + steam → metal oxide + hydrogen
- - - - metal + dilute hydrochloric acid → metal chloride + hydroxide
        
        Metal(s) [Observation] [Equation]
        
        Potassium [ React explosively. These reactions should not be carried out in the school laboratory ] [2K (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + H₂ (g)]
        
        Sodium [ React explosively. These reactions should not be carried out in the school laboratory ] [ 2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H₂ (g) ]
        
        Calcium [ Reacts violently to give hydrogen gas ]
        [ Ca(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g) ]
        
        Magnesium [ Reacts rapidly to give hydrogen gas] [ Mg(s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂(g)]
        
        Zinc [Reacts moderately fast to give hydrogen gas] [ Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)]
        
        Iron [ Reacts slowly to give hydrogen gas] [ Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) → FeCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g) ]
        
        Lead [ No reaction occurs.]
        
        Copper [ No reaction occurs]
        
        Silver [No reaction occurs]