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arches of the foot - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The weight is transmitted from the tibia to the talus, before being
        transmitted posteriorly to the calcaneus.
        
        It is also transmitted anteriorly to the navicular, cuneiforms and metatarsals.
        
        The lateral longitudinal arch is mostly involved in transmitting this
        weight and makes more contact with the ground than the medial one.
  - - - The arch acts like a springboard, as its anterior pillar is the point of
        take-off during these activities.
        
        During the stance phase, the forefoot pronates which flattens the
        medial longitudinal arch and the transverse arch.
        
        During the swing phase, the hind foot supinates which causes the medial
        longitudinal arch to elevate.
        
        This high arch acts as a rigid lever for propulsion.
- - - - These arches have an important role in
        standing, walking and running.
- - - - the medial three metatarsals up to their heads
        
        the sesamoid bones
        
        the 3 cuneiforms
        
        the navicular
        
        talus
        
        calcaneus
      - The arch consists of 2 pillars.
        
        The anterior pillar
        
        medial 3 metatarsal heads
        
        The posterior pillar
        
        tuberosity of the calcaneus
        
        Ligaments
        
        The supporting ligaments provide more stability than the bones of the arch.
        
        the plantar aponeurosis
        
        acts as a supporting beam
        between the 2 pillars.
        
        the spring ligament
        
        supports the head of
        the talus
        
        talocalcaneal ligament
        +
        anterior fibres of the
        deltoid ligament
        
        provide stability for this arch
        
        muscles
        
        Muscles in the foot also help support the medial longitudinal arch. These
        include:
        
        flexor hallucis longus
        
        flexor digitorum longus
        
        abductor hallucis
        
        flexor digitorum brevis muscles
        
        tibialis posterior
        
        The tibialis posterior
        
        is the most important muscle
        in the maintenance
        of the arch
        
        1 more item...
- - - - calcaneus
        
        he cuboid
        
        the 4th and 5th metatarsals
      - Like its medial counterpart, the lateral arch consists of 2 pillars,
        which help support the arch.
        
        The anterior pillar
        
        consists of the
        the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads
        
        The posterior pillar
        
        calcaneus
        
        stabilization
        
        The main contributor to
        stabilization of the arch is
        
        the fibularis longus tendon.
        
        ligaments
        
        plantar aponeurosis and the
        long and short plantar ligaments,
        
        act as bowstrings beneath the arch.
        
        Other muscles
        and tendons
        
        lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum longus assisted by flexor accessorius
        
        abductor digiti minimi
        
        lateral half of flexor digitorum brevis
        
        fibularis brevis
        
        fibularis tertius
- - - - the 5 metatarsal bases
        
        the cuboid
        
        the cuneiform bones
        
        intermediate & lateral cuneiforms
        
        are wedge shaped which
        aids in maintenance of the arch.
      - pillars
        
        The medial and lateral longitudinal arches act as pillars for the transverse arch.
        
        ligaments
        
        are the ligaments between the
        cuneiforms and bases of the 5 metatarsal bones.
        
        curvature of the arch is
        mainly maintained
        
        by the fibularis longus tendon,
        
        assisted by the tibialis posterior tendon,
        which both cross under
        the sole of the foot.
        
        also help to stabilize this arch.
        
        The deep transverse ligaments,
        
        the transverse head of adductor longus
        
        and the fibularis longus tendon,